Aston Martin Lagonda Limited is usually a British manufacturer of luxurious sports cars and grand tourers. It was founded in 1913 by Lionel Martin and also Robert Bamford.The firm became related to luxury grand touring cars inside 1950s and 1960s, and with the fantastic character James Bond following his by using a DB5 model inside the 1964 film Goldfinger.The company has had a chequered financial history, including bankruptcy in the 1970s, but has also enjoyed long stretches of success and balance, including under the title of David Brown, from 1947 to 1972 and in the Ford Motor Company by 1994 to 2007.In March 2007, a consortium of investors, led by David Richards, purchased 92% of Aston Martin for £479 million, with Ford retaining some sort of £40 million stake. David Richards became chairman involving Aston Martin. In December 2012, the Italian private money fund Investindustrialsigned a deal to acquire 37. 5% of Aston Martin, investing £150 million like a capital increase.
Aston Martin DB5 in Dubonnet Red 1:18 scale by AUTOart 70213
FoundingAston Martin was launched in 1913 by Lionel Martin as well as Robert Bamford. The two had became a member of forces as Bamford & Martin the previous year to sell cars of Singer from premises within Callow Street, London where they additionally serviced GWK and Calthorpe autos. Martin raced specials with Aston Hill near Aston Clinton, and the pair chose to make their own automobiles. The first car to become named Aston Martin was made by Martin by installing a four-cylinder Coventry-Simplex engine for the chassis of a 1908 Isotta-Fraschini.They acquired premises at Henniker Mews in Kensington in addition to produced their first car or truck in March 1915. Production could not start because of the outbreak of World War I, and Martin joined the Admiralty and Bamford this Royal Army Service Corps. All machinery was sold for the Sopwith Aviation Company.Inter war yearsAfter the war, the company was refounded at Abingdon Road, Kensington and a new car built to carry the Aston-Martin title. Bamford left in 1920 plus the company was revitalised along with funding from Count Louis Zborowski. In 1922, Bamford & Martin generated cars to compete from the French Grand Prix, which went on to put world speed and strength records at Brooklands. Three works Team Vehicles with 16-valve twin cam engines were built with regard to racing and record bursting: chassis number 1914, later developed as this Green Pea; chassis number 1915, the Razor Blade file car; and chassis number 1916, later developed as the Halford Special.
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Roughly 55 cars were built accessible in two configurations, long chassis and short chassis. The company went on the rocks in 1924 and has been bought by Lady Charnwood, who put her son John Benson on the board. The company failed again in 1925 along with the factory closed in 1926, with Lionel Martin causing.Later that year, Bill Renwick, Augustus (Bert) Bertelli and investors including Lady Charnwood took control with the company. They renamed it Aston Martin Motors and moved it towards the former Whitehead Aircraft Restricted works in Feltham. Renwick and Bertelli ended up in partnership some a long time and had developed the overhead-cam four-cylinder engine employing Renwick's patented combustion slot provided design, which they had tested in a Enfield-Allday chassis. The only "Renwick and also Bertelli" motor car produced, it was known as "Buzzbox" whilst still being survives.The pair had planned to trade their engine to powerplant manufacturers, but having heard that the Aston Martin was no longer in production realised they are able to capitalise on its status to jump start the production of the completely new car.Between 1926 and 1937 Bertelli ended up being both technical director and designer of all new Aston Martins, since known as "Bertelli cars". They included the 1½-litre "T-type", "International", "Le Mans", "MKII" and its sporting derivative, the "Ulster", and the 2-litre 15/98 and racing derivative, the "Speed Model". Most were open two-seater athletics cars bodied by Bert Bertelli's pal Enrico (Harry), with a small number of long-chassis four-seater tourers, dropheads and saloons furthermore produced.Bertelli was a proficient driver keen to ethnic background his cars, one of few owner/manufacturer/drivers. The "LM" team automobiles were very successful within national and international electric motor racing including at Le Mans and also the Mille Miglia.
Aston Martin DB5 in Dubonnet Red 1:18 scale by AUTOart 70213
Economic problems reappeared in 1932. The company was rescued for the year by L. Prideaux Brune before passing it onto Sir Arthur Sutherland. In 1936, Aston Martin decided to concentrate on road cars, producing just 700 until eventually World War II ceased work. Production shifted to aircraft components in the war.David Brown era1958 Aston Martin DB Draw IIIIn 1947, tractor manufacturer David Brown Limited bought the business under the leadership involving managing director Sir Mark Brown-its "post-war saviour". The company also received Lagonda that year for the 2. 6-litre W. O. Bentley-designed engine. Both companies shared assets and workshops, leading to the classic "DB" compilation of cars. In 1950, the company announced the particular DB2, followed by the DB2/4 throughout 1953, the DB2/4 MkII within 1955, the DB Mark III in 1957 as well as the Italian-styled 3. 7 L DB4 with 1958.While these models helped Aston Martin generate a good racing pedigree, the DB4 stood out and yielded the well known DB5 in 1963. The company stayed legitimate to its emerging "grand touring" style using the DB6 (1965-70), and DBS (1967-1972).The six-cylinder engines of these cars from 1954 around 1965 were designed simply by Tadek Marek.
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Audi A is really a German automobile manufacturer in which designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes high-class vehicles. Audi oversees worldwide functions from its headquarters with Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are manufactured in nine production facilities worldwide.The origins of this company are complex, going back to early 20th century and the first enterprises founded by professional August Horch; and two other companies, leading to the base of Auto Union with 1932. The modern era involving Audi essentially began inside the 1960s when Auto Marriage was acquired by Volkswagen via Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand while using the 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Marriage with NSU Motorenwerke within 1969, thus creating the current day form of the firm.The company name will depend on the Latin translation from the surname of the founder, August Horch. "Horch", meaning "listen" in A language like german, becomes "audi" in Latin. The four rings from the Audi logo each represent among four car companies that banded together to create Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning "Advancement through Technology". However, since 2007 Audi UNITED STATES has used the commercial "Truth in Engineering". Audi is among the particular best-selling luxury automobiles in the world.
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With 14 November 1899, August Horch (1868-1951) established the corporation A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld center of Cologne. Three years later with 1902 he moved along with his company to Reichenbach im Vogtland. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded your August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company inside Zwickau (State involving Saxony).After troubles with Horch fundamental financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke as well as founded in Zwickau with 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued them for trademark infringement. The German Reichsgericht (Best Court) in Leipzig, eventually determined that the actual Horch brand belonged for you to his former company.Audi Type ESince August Horch ended up being banned from using "Horch" as being a trade name in his new car business, he called a meeting with close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher by Zwickau, Germany. At the apartment regarding Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to get a new name for that company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin inside a corner of the bedroom. Several times he looked like he was on this verge of saying something but would just consume his words and proceed working, until he finally blurted out, "Father - audiatur et altera pars... wouldn't it be recommended that you call it audi rather then horch? " "Horch! " in German means "Hark! " or "hear", which is "Audi" in the singular imperative form of "audire" - "to listen" - throughout Latin. The idea was graciously accepted by everyone participating the meeting. On 25 April 1910 this Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau (through 1915 on Audiwerke AG Zwickau) was entered within the company's register of Zwickau signing up court.The first Audi vehicle, the Audi Type Any 10/22 hp (07 kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in exactly the same year, followed by the heir Type B 10/28PS in the same year.Audi started with any 2, 612 cc inline-four serps model Type A, followed by a 3, 564 cc model, as well as 5, 680 cc and 5, 720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sporting events. The first six-cylinder design Type M, 4, 655 cc appeared within 1924.
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September Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 for the high position at the particular ministry of transport, but he was still a part of Audi as a member of the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the primary German car manufacturer presenting a production car, the Audi Type Nited kingdom, with left-handed drive. Left-hand drive spread and established dominance during the 1920s because it provided a much better view of oncoming targeted visitors, making overtaking safer.The merger of the four companies beneath the logo of four wedding ringsIn August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority regarding shares in Audiwerke AG. In the same calendar year, Rasmussen bought the remains on the U. S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing gear for eight-cylinder engines. These engines were found in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models that were launched in 1929. At the same occasion, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (the "four" having a Peugeot engine) versions were manufactured. Audi cars of which era were luxurious cars built with special bodywork.In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Marriage AG, Chemnitz. It was during this period that the company provided the Audi Front that became the 1st European car to mix a six-cylinder engine with front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain distributed to the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced the top.Before World War II, Auto Union used the four interlinked rings that define the Audi badge currently, representing these four brand names. This badge was used, however, only on Auto Union racing cars in this period while the member companies used their unique names and emblems. The technological development became a growing number of concentrated and some Audi products were propelled by Horch or Wanderer built engines.
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Sending the economic pressures almost daily, Auto Union concentrated significantly on smaller cars with the 1930s, so that by 1938 send out DKW brand accounted with regard to 17. 9% of the In german car market, while Audi held merely 0. 1%. After the final few Audis were delivered throughout 1939 the "Audi" name disappeared completely through the new car market for more than two decades.Post-World War IIIFA F9Like most German creation, at the onset involving World War II the actual Auto Union plants have been retooled for military generation, and were a focus on for allied bombing in the war which left these people damaged.Overrun by the Soviet Affiliate marketer in 1945, on the orders on the Soviet Union military management the factories were dismantled in war reparations. Following this, the company's entire assets were expropriated without reimbursement. On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG involving Chemnitz was deleted on the commercial register. These actions had the issue of liquidating Germany's Automotive Union AG. The remains of this Audi plant of Zwickau grew to become the VEB Automobilwerk Zwickau or AWZ (in British: Automobile Works Zwickau).
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Without prospect of continuing creation in Soviet controlled East Germany, Auto Union executives began the process of relocating what was left from the company to West Malaysia. A site was targeted in Ingolstadt, Bavaria to start an extra parts operation in past due 1945, which would eventually serve as the headquarters of the reformed Auto Union in 1949.The former Audi factory in Zwickau restarted assembly on the pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models were renamed to IFA F8 not to mention IFA F9 and were just like West German versions. West and East German models were equipped with the traditional and legendary DKW two-stroke engines. The Zwickau plant created the infamous Trabant until eventually 1991, when it came less than Volkswagen control-effectively bringing it under the same umbrella as Audi given that 1945.
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Audi A is really a German automobile manufacturer which designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes high end vehicles. Audi oversees worldwide operations from its headquarters in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are stated in nine production facilities around the world.The origins of the organization are complex, going back to earlier 20th century and the 1st enterprises founded by electrical engineer August Horch; and two other suppliers, leading to the footing of Auto Union throughout 1932. The modern era involving Audi essentially began inside 1960s when Auto Union was acquired by Volkswagen through Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand with the 1965 introduction of the actual Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Nation with NSU Motorenwerke inside 1969, thus creating the modern form of the organization.The company name is founded on the Latin translation from the surname of the creator, August Horch. "Horch", meaning "listen" in The german language, becomes "audi" in Latina. The four rings with the Audi logo each represent one among four car companies that banded together to generate Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning "Advancement through Technology". However, since 2007 Audi UNITED STATES OF AMERICA has used the saying "Truth in Engineering". Audi is among the particular best-selling luxury automobiles on earth.
Audi 80 B1 2S 4Door 1976 in Orange 1:43 scale by Kess 43038001
About 14 November 1899, August Horch (1868-1951) established the company A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld area of Cologne. Three years later inside 1902 he moved with his company to Reichenbach i am Vogtland. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded your August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company with Zwickau (State connected with Saxony).After troubles with Horch main financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke along with founded in Zwickau in 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued them for trademark infringement. The German Reichsgericht (Better Court) in Leipzig, eventually determined that the actual Horch brand belonged in order to his former company.Audi Type ESince August Horch has been banned from using "Horch" as being a trade name in their new car business, he called a ending up in close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher by Zwickau, Germany. At the apartment regarding Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to create a new name for that company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin in a corner of the bedroom. Several times he appeared as if he was on the verge of saying something but would just consume his words and carry on working, until he finally blurted out and about, "Father - audiatur et altera pars... wouldn't it be a smart idea to call it audi instead of horch? " "Horch! " in German indicates "Hark! " or "hear", which is "Audi" within the singular imperative form regarding "audire" - "to listen" - throughout Latin. The idea was enthusiastically accepted by everyone participating in the meeting. On 25 April 1910 the particular Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau (through 1915 on Audiwerke AG Zwickau) was entered inside company's register of Zwickau subscription court.The first Audi vehicle, the Audi Type Any 10/22 hp (07 kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in identical year, followed by the heir Type B 10/28PS within the same year.Audi started with the 2, 612 cc inline-four serp model Type A, followed by a 3, 564 cc model, as well as several, 680 cc and 5, 720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sports. The first six-cylinder type Type M, 4, 655 cc appeared throughout 1924.
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June Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 for a high position at this ministry of transport, but he was still included in Audi as a member of the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the first German car manufacturer to present a production car, the Audi Type Nited kingdom, with left-handed drive. Left-hand drive spread and established dominance in the 1920s because it provided an improved view of oncoming site visitors, making overtaking safer.The merger of the four companies within the logo of four jewelryIn August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority of shares in Audiwerke AG. In the same season, Rasmussen bought the remains in the U. S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing tools for eight-cylinder engines. These engines were found in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models that have been launched in 1929. At the same time period, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (the "four" with a Peugeot engine) types were manufactured. Audi cars of that will era were luxurious cars built with special bodywork.In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Nation AG, Chemnitz. It was during this era that the company made available the Audi Front that became the first European car to blend a six-cylinder engine along with front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain distributed to the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced top.Before World War II, Auto Union used the particular four interlinked rings comprise the Audi badge currently, representing these four brand names. This badge was utilized, however, only on Auto Union racing cars in this period while the member companies used their very own names and emblems. The technological development became an increasing number of concentrated and some Audi products were propelled by Horch or perhaps Wanderer built engines.
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Showing the economic pressures of times, Auto Union concentrated progressively on smaller cars throughout the 1930s, so that by 1938 the company's DKW brand accounted regarding 17. 9% of the German born car market, while Audi held merely 0. 1%. After the final handful of Audis were delivered throughout 1939 the "Audi" name disappeared completely from your new car market for greater than two decades.Post-World War IIIFA F9Like most German creation, at the onset of World War II the particular Auto Union plants were retooled for military output, and were a target for allied bombing over the war which left these people damaged.Overrun by the Soviet Army in 1945, on the orders from the Soviet Union military current administration the factories were dismantled during war reparations. Following this, the company's entire property were expropriated without reimbursement. On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG connected with Chemnitz was deleted on the commercial register. These actions had the consequence of liquidating Germany's Vehicle Union AG. The remains of the particular Audi plant of Zwickau became the VEB Automobilwerk Zwickau or AWZ (in English: Automobile Works Zwickau).
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With no prospect of continuing formation in Soviet controlled Distance Germany, Auto Union executives began practise of relocating what was left on the company to West Philippines. A site was preferred in Ingolstadt, Bavaria to start an extra parts operation in late 1945, which would eventually serve as the headquarters of the reformed Automotive Union in 1949.The former Audi manufacturing facility in Zwickau restarted assembly from the pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models was renamed to IFA F8 and IFA F9 and were exactly like the West German versions. West and East German models were designed with the traditional and legendary DKW two-stroke engines. The Zwickau plant created the infamous Trabant until 1991, when it came below Volkswagen control-effectively bringing it inside of the same umbrella as Audi given that 1945.
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Aston Martin Lagonda Limited is a British manufacturer of extravagance sports cars and grand tourers. It was founded with 1913 by Lionel Martin and Robert Bamford.The firm became related to luxury grand touring cars in the 1950s and 1960s, and with the fantastic character James Bond following his utilization of a DB5 model inside 1964 film Goldfinger.The company has had a chequered financial history, including bankruptcy in your 1970s, but has also enjoyed very long periods of success and balance, including under the possession of David Brown, from 1947 to 1972 and from the Ford Motor Company from 1994 to 2007.In March 2007, a consortium of shareholders, led by David Richards, purchased 92% of Aston Martin with regard to £479 million, with Ford retaining a new £40 million stake. David Richards became chairman of Aston Martin. In December 2012, the Italian private money fund Investindustrialsigned a deal to purchase 37. 5% of Aston Martin, investing £150 million being a capital increase.
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FoundingAston Martin was launched in 1913 by Lionel Martin along with Robert Bamford. The two had joined up with forces as Bamford & Martin the prior year to sell cars manufactured by Singer from premises throughout Callow Street, London where they additionally serviced GWK and Calthorpe vehicles. Martin raced specials from Aston Hill near Aston Clinton, and the pair thought i would make their own autos. The first car to become named Aston Martin was created by Martin by installing a four-cylinder Coventry-Simplex engine towards chassis of a 1908 Isotta-Fraschini.They acquired premises from Henniker Mews in Kensington in addition to produced their first car or truck in March 1915. Production could not start due to outbreak of World Struggle I, and Martin joined your Admiralty and Bamford the particular Royal Army Service Corps. All machinery was sold towards the Sopwith Aviation Company.Inter war yearsAfter the war, the company was refounded on Abingdon Road, Kensington and a new car meant to carry the Aston-Martin identify. Bamford left in 1920 and the company was revitalised having funding from Count Louis Zborowski. In 1922, Bamford & Martin developed cars to compete within the French Grand Prix, which went on to set world speed and staying power records at Brooklands. Three works Team Cars with 16-valve twin cam engines were built regarding racing and record breaking: chassis number 1914, later developed as your Green Pea; chassis number 1915, the Razor Blade history car; and chassis number 1916, later developed as your Halford Special.
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Approximately 55 cars were built accessible in two configurations, long chassis and quick chassis. The company went belly up in 1924 and had been bought by Lady Charnwood, who put her son John Benson within the board. The company failed again in 1925 and also the factory closed in 1926, with Lionel Martin making.Later that year, Bill Renwick, Augustus (Bert) Bertelli and investors which included Lady Charnwood took control of the company. They renamed it Aston Martin Magnetic motors and moved it for the former Whitehead Aircraft Limited works in Feltham. Renwick and Bertelli was in partnership some decades and had developed a good overhead-cam four-cylinder engine using Renwick's patented combustion chamber design, which they had tested within an Enfield-Allday chassis. The only "Renwick and also Bertelli" motor car created, it was known as "Buzzbox" nonetheless survives.The pair had planned to promote their engine to engine manufacturers, but having heard the Aston Martin was don't in production realised they might capitalise on its standing to jump start the production of the completely new car.Between 1926 and 1937 Bertelli has been both technical director and designer of new Aston Martins, since known as "Bertelli cars". They included the 1½-litre "T-type", "International", "Le Mans", "MKII" and its auto racing derivative, the "Ulster", and the 2-litre 15/98 and its racing derivative, the "Speed Model". Most were open two-seater athletics cars bodied by Bert Bertelli's pal Enrico (Harry), with a small quantity of long-chassis four-seater tourers, dropheads and saloons additionally produced.Bertelli was a proficient driver keen to competition his cars, one of few owner/manufacturer/drivers. The "LM" team cars were very successful within national and international electric motor racing including at Le Mans and the Mille Miglia.
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Economic problems reappeared in 1932. The company was rescued for any year by L. Prideaux Brune before passing it onto Sir Arthur Sutherland. In 1936, Aston Martin decided to focus on road cars, producing just 700 right up until World War II ceased work. Production shifted to aircraft components in the war.David Brown era1958 Aston Martin DB Draw IIIIn 1947, tractor manufacturer David Brown Limited bought the corporation under the leadership involving managing director Sir Mark Brown-its "post-war saviour". The company also received Lagonda that year because of its 2. 6-litre W. O. Bentley-designed engine. Both companies shared resources and workshops, leading to the classic "DB" series of cars. In 1950, the company announced the actual DB2, followed by the DB2/4 throughout 1953, the DB2/4 MkII throughout 1955, the DB Mark III in 1957 along with the Italian-styled 3. 7 L DB4 within 1958.While these models helped Aston Martin set up a good racing pedigree, the DB4 stood out there and yielded the famous DB5 in 1963. The company stayed genuine to its emerging "grand touring" style with the DB6 (1965-70), and DBS (1967-1972).The six-cylinder engines of these cars from 1954 up to 1965 were designed through Tadek Marek.
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