Benetton Solution Ltd., commonly referred to just as Benetton, was a Formula A single constructor that participated by 1986 to 2001. The team was owned because of the Benetton family who run an internationally chain of clothing stores in the same name. In 2000 the group was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton to the 2000 and 2001 months. In 2002 the workforce became Renault F1.The Benetton Group entered Formula One being a sponsor company for Tyrrell within 1983, then Alfa Romeo in 1984 and 1985 lastly Toleman in 1985. Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the finish of 1985 when your Toleman team was sold to the Benetton family. The team began with BMW engines and later switched to Ford then Renault last but not least Playlife.
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This team was managed through Flavio Briatore from 1990 until eventually 1997. In about 1991, TWR acquired a one-third stake in the team, bringing in Tom Walkinshaw and Ross Brawn to operate the engineering operations. Rocco Benetton, the youngest son connected with Luciano Benetton joined the team as Chief executive in 1998 and fired Briatore. He replaced him along with Prodrive boss David Richards, who lasted only to get a year when he too was fired, due to a disagreement while using the Benetton family about potential strategy. Following Richards' departure, Rocco Benetton managed the team for 3 years until its sale to help Renault.The Benetton team is best known for its success with Michael Schumacher, who accounts for 19 of the team's 27 career advantages and their 2 drivers' titles. After switching to Renault engines, they also won the constructor's championship in 1995 along with Schumacher and Johnny Herbert. After 1995, Schumacher moved to Ferrari in addition to Ross Brawn, Rory Byrne and 11 additional key figures from their two championship winning seasons with Benetton.
About Onyx 1/43 204 Benetton Ford B194 Michael Schumacher F1 Car
On March 16, 2000, the team was marketed to Renault for $120 thousand US. As part of their particular restructuring, Renault brought back Flavio Briatore as team manager. The team still utilized the Playlife engines (despite the fact that descended from Renault motors) that they been using going back two years. The drivers were Giancarlo Fisichella in addition to Alexander Wurz. The team scored 20 items, as well as 3 podium finishes in 2000 at Brazilian, Monaco and Canada.During their final season in 2001 the individuals, Jenson Button and Giancarlo Fisichella, were often on the spine two rows of this grid. This was in part assigned to the new 111-degree wide angle engine. But continued development helped Benetton to leave System 1 on something of any high, and the cars' overall performance lifted. Button and Fisichella scored 10 points with the team, including a podium complete for Fisichella in Belgium.
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Over the 1994 season, some rival teams stated Benetton had found a method to violate the FIA-imposed suspend on electronic aids, including traction control as well as launch control. On investigation, the FIA discovered "start sequence" (launch control) software from the Benetton B194 cars, and a variety of illegal software in rival teams' cars at the same time. FIA had no evidence the software program was ever used, so teams found while using the software received little to be able to no punishment. No traction control software was found to stay the Benetton cars, however. Flavio Briatore, Benetton's chief in 1994, said in 2001 that will "Our only mistake was that right at that moment we were too young and people were suspicious".
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Through the 1994 season Benetton taken away a fuel filter from the refueling rig used through pit stops. This may have triggered a fire that happened during Jos Verstappen's initial pitstop at Hockenheim. This resulted in further inquiries by the FIA, during which, the refuelling rig manufacturer clarified that in their opinion the modification could have resulted in 10% higher flow rates compared to the rules allowed[citation needed]. Again the team journeyed without substantial punishment.
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Audi A is really a German automobile manufacturer which designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes luxury vehicles. Audi oversees worldwide operations from its headquarters in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are stated in nine production facilities worldwide.The origins of the company are complex, going back to their early 20th century and the 1st enterprises founded by electrical engineer August Horch; and two other suppliers, leading to the groundwork of Auto Union with 1932. The modern era associated with Audi essentially began in the 1960s when Auto Union was acquired by Volkswagen via Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand with all the 1965 introduction of your Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Union with NSU Motorenwerke within 1969, thus creating the current day form of the company.The company name is based on the Latin translation in the surname of the creator, August Horch. "Horch", meaning "listen" in The german language, becomes "audi" in Latin. The four rings with the Audi logo each represent one among four car companies that banded together to build Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning "Advancement through Technology". However, since 2007 Audi UNITED STATES has used the commercial "Truth in Engineering". Audi is among the best-selling luxury automobiles on the globe.
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About 14 November 1899, August Horch (1868-1951) established the business A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld section of Cologne. Three years later within 1902 he moved with his company to Reichenbach i'm Vogtland. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded the actual August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company inside Zwickau (State of Saxony).After troubles with Horch main financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke and founded in Zwickau upon 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued your pet for trademark infringement. The German Reichsgericht (Supreme Court) in Leipzig, eventually determined that the actual Horch brand belonged for you to his former company.Audi Type ESince August Horch had been banned from using "Horch" as being a trade name in his or her new car business, he called a ending up in close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher by Zwickau, Germany. At the apartment regarding Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to get a new name to the company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin in a corner of the room. Several times he looks like he was on the particular verge of saying something but would just take his words and carry on working, until he finally blurted out, "Father - audiatur et altera pars... wouldn't it be best if you call it audi instead of horch? " "Horch! " in German signifies "Hark! " or "hear", which is "Audi" inside the singular imperative form connected with "audire" - "to listen" - with Latin. The idea was with excitement accepted by everyone participating in the meeting. On 25 April 1910 the particular Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau (by 1915 on Audiwerke AG Zwickau) was entered from the company's register of Zwickau registration court.The first Audi car, the Audi Type A new 10/22 hp (16 kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in a similar year, followed by the successor Type B 10/28PS inside the same year.Audi started with some sort of 2, 612 cc inline-four serp model Type A, followed by a 3, 564 cc model, as well as 4, 680 cc and 5, 720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sports. The first six-cylinder style Type M, 4, 655 cc appeared in 1924.
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August Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 for the high position at the ministry of transport, but he was still included in Audi as a member of the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the first German car manufacturer to provide a production car, the Audi Type Ok, with left-handed drive. Left-hand drive spread and established dominance through the 1920s because it provided an improved view of oncoming targeted visitors, making overtaking safer.The merger of the four companies beneath the logo of four jewelryIn August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority associated with shares in Audiwerke AG. In the same year, Rasmussen bought the remains with the U. S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing equipment for eight-cylinder engines. These engines were used in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models which are launched in 1929. At the same occasion, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (the "four" having a Peugeot engine) types were manufactured. Audi cars of that will era were luxurious cars equipped with special bodywork.In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Unification AG, Chemnitz. It was during this era that the company provided the Audi Front that became the first European car to mix a six-cylinder engine having front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain shared with the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced the top.Before World War II, Auto Union used your four interlinked rings comprise the Audi badge right now, representing these four models. This badge was utilised, however, only on Auto Union racing cars as period while the member companies used their very own names and emblems. The technological development became an increasing number of concentrated and some Audi types were propelled by Horch or maybe Wanderer built engines.
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Exhibiting the economic pressures of that time period, Auto Union concentrated progressively on smaller cars over the 1930s, so that by 1938 send out DKW brand accounted with regard to 17. 9% of the German born car market, while Audi held solely 0. 1%. After the final number of Audis were delivered within 1939 the "Audi" name disappeared completely from your new car market for a lot more than two decades.Post-World War IIIFA F9Like most German production, at the onset associated with World War II the actual Auto Union plants were being retooled for military output, and were a focus on for allied bombing during the war which left these people damaged.Overrun by the Soviet Affiliate marketer in 1945, on the orders from the Soviet Union military government the factories were dismantled as part of war reparations. Following this, the company's entire resources were expropriated without pay out. On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG involving Chemnitz was deleted in the commercial register. These actions had the consequence of liquidating Germany's Vehicle Union AG. The remains of this Audi plant of Zwickau became the VEB Automobilwerk Zwickau or perhaps AWZ (in Uk: Automobile Works Zwickau).
And no prospect of continuing manufacturing in Soviet controlled Eastern side Germany, Auto Union executives began the process of relocating what was left with the company to West Germany. A site was picked out in Ingolstadt, Bavaria to start an extra parts operation in delayed 1945, which would eventually serve when the headquarters of the reformed Auto Union in 1949.The former Audi factory in Zwickau restarted assembly on the pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models ended up renamed to IFA F8 and even IFA F9 and were exactly like the West German versions. West and East German models were backed up with the traditional and distinguished DKW two-stroke engines. The Zwickau plant created the infamous Trabant till 1991, when it came under Volkswagen control-effectively bringing it beneath same umbrella as Audi since 1945.
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Audi A is a German automobile manufacturer that will designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes high end vehicles. Audi oversees worldwide businesses from its headquarters with Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are manufactured in nine production facilities globally.The origins of this company are complex, going back to early 20th century and the 1st enterprises founded by manufacture August Horch; and two other manufacturers, leading to the groundwork of Auto Union inside 1932. The modern era regarding Audi essentially began from the 1960s when Auto Unification was acquired by Volkswagen through Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand while using 1965 introduction of this Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Unification with NSU Motorenwerke within 1969, thus creating the current day form of the company.The company name is founded on the Latin translation from the surname of the inventor, August Horch. "Horch", meaning "listen" in In german, becomes "audi" in Latin. The four rings in the Audi logo each represent certainly one of four car companies that banded together to build Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning "Advancement through Technology". However, since 2007 Audi STATES has used the commercial "Truth in Engineering". Audi is among the particular best-selling luxury automobiles on the globe.
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On 14 November 1899, August Horch (1868-1951) established the business A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld center of Cologne. Three years later within 1902 he moved with his company to Reichenbach i am Vogtland. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded the particular August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company inside Zwickau (State regarding Saxony).After troubles with Horch main financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke and founded in Zwickau with 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued them for trademark infringement. The German Reichsgericht (Substantial Court) in Leipzig, eventually determined that the Horch brand belonged to be able to his former company.Audi Type ESince August Horch ended up being banned from using "Horch" to be a trade name in his new car business, he called a ending up in close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher coming from Zwickau, Germany. At the apartment connected with Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to think of a new name to the company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin within a corner of the room. Several times he looks like he was on the particular verge of saying some thing but would just consume his words and go on working, until he finally blurted away, "Father - audiatur et altera pars... wouldn't it be recommended that you call it audi instead of horch? " "Horch! " in German suggests "Hark! " or "hear", which is "Audi" from the singular imperative form involving "audire" - "to listen" - in Latin. The idea was with excitement accepted by everyone joining the meeting. On 25 April 1910 the actual Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau (from 1915 on Audiwerke AG Zwickau) was entered inside company's register of Zwickau signing up court.The first Audi automobile, the Audi Type A new 10/22 hp (16 kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in identical year, followed by the heir Type B 10/28PS from the same year.Audi started with the 2, 612 cc inline-four powerplant model Type A, followed by a 3, 564 cc model, as well as four, 680 cc and 5, 720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sports. The first six-cylinder product Type M, 4, 655 cc appeared throughout 1924.
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June Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 for any high position at your ministry of transport, but he was still a part of Audi as a member of the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the initial German car manufacturer to provide a production car, the Audi Type E, with left-handed drive. Left-hand drive spread and established dominance during the 1920s because it provided an even better view of oncoming traffic, making overtaking safer.The merger of the four companies beneath logo of four bandsIn August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority associated with shares in Audiwerke AG. In the same 12 months, Rasmussen bought the remains in the U. S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing products for eight-cylinder engines. These engines were used in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models that had been launched in 1929. At the same occasion, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (the "four" having a Peugeot engine) versions were manufactured. Audi cars of that era were luxurious cars furnished with special bodywork.In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Unification AG, Chemnitz. It was during this period that the company supplied the Audi Front that became the initial European car to merge a six-cylinder engine with front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain distributed to the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced the top.Before World War II, Auto Union used the four interlinked rings define the Audi badge right now, representing these four brands. This badge was applied, however, only on Auto Union racing cars as period while the member companies used their very own names and emblems. The technological development became an increasing number of concentrated and some Audi designs were propelled by Horch as well as Wanderer built engines.
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Sending the economic pressures of the time, Auto Union concentrated progressively on smaller cars over the 1930s, so that by 1938 the company's DKW brand accounted for 17. 9% of the A language like german car market, while Audi held simply 0. 1%. After the final couple of Audis were delivered in 1939 the "Audi" name disappeared completely on the new car market for more than two decades.Post-World War IIIFA F9Like most German making, at the onset associated with World War II this Auto Union plants had been retooled for military generation, and were a target for allied bombing during the war which left these individuals damaged.Overrun by the Soviet Armed service in 1945, on the orders from the Soviet Union military current administration the factories were dismantled included in war reparations. Following this, the company's entire possessions were expropriated without payment. On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG involving Chemnitz was deleted in the commercial register. These actions had the issue of liquidating Germany's Automotive Union AG. The remains of the particular Audi plant of Zwickau became the VEB Automobilwerk Zwickau or maybe AWZ (in Language: Automobile Works Zwickau).
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Without having any prospect of continuing development in Soviet controlled Far east Germany, Auto Union executives began it of relocating what was left from the company to West Malaysia. A site was targeted in Ingolstadt, Bavaria to start a spare parts operation in late 1945, which would eventually serve as the headquarters of the reformed Automobile Union in 1949.The former Audi factory in Zwickau restarted assembly of this pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models ended up renamed to IFA F8 not to mention IFA F9 and were exactly like the West German versions. West and East German models were backed up with the traditional and renowned DKW two-stroke engines. The Zwickau plant created the infamous Trabant until eventually 1991, when it came less than Volkswagen control-effectively bringing it under the same umbrella as Audi considering the fact that 1945.
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Benetton Method Ltd., commonly referred to just as Benetton, was a Formula 1 constructor that participated by 1986 to 2001. The team was owned from the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores on the same name. In 2000 the group was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton for your 2000 and 2001 times. In 2002 the workforce became Renault F1.The Benetton Group entered Formula One as a sponsor company for Tyrrell with 1983, then Alfa Romeo with 1984 and 1985 and then Toleman in 1985. Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the end of 1985 when the Toleman team was sold for the Benetton family. The team began with BMW engines and then later switched to Ford then Renault and finally Playlife.
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The team was managed simply by Flavio Briatore from 1990 until eventually 1997. In about 1991, TWR acquired a one-third stake inside team, bringing in Tom Walkinshaw and Ross Brawn to operate the engineering operations. Rocco Benetton, the youngest son associated with Luciano Benetton joined the team as Leader in 1998 and dismissed Briatore. He replaced him with Prodrive boss David Richards, who lasted only to get a year when he also was fired, due to a disagreement with all the Benetton family about upcoming strategy. Following Richards' departure, Rocco Benetton managed the team for four years until its sale to Renault.The Benetton team is most beneficial known for its achievements with Michael Schumacher, who accounts for 19 with the team's 27 career advantages and their 2 drivers' competition. After switching to Renault search engines, they also won the constructor's championship in 1995 with Schumacher and Johnny Herbert. After 1995, Schumacher moved to Ferrari in addition to Ross Brawn, Rory Byrne and 11 additional key figures from his or her two championship winning periods with Benetton.
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In March 16, 2000, the team was offered to Renault for $120 million US. As part of their particular restructuring, Renault brought back Flavio Briatore while team manager. The team still utilized the Playlife engines (while descended from Renault motors) they'd been using during the last two years. The drivers were Giancarlo Fisichella and also Alexander Wurz. The team scored 20 things, as well as 3 podium is done in 2000 at Brazil, Monaco and Canada.During their final season in 2001 the people, Jenson Button and Giancarlo Fisichella, were often on the rear two rows of the particular grid. This was in part attributed to the new 111-degree broad angle engine. But continued development permitted Benetton to leave Formula 1 on something of any high, and the cars' performance lifted. Button and Fisichella scored 10 points for that team, including a podium finish off for Fisichella in Belgium.
Winterjassen
Through the 1994 season, some rival teams said Benetton had found a means to violate the FIA-imposed bar on electronic aids, including traction control in addition to launch control. On investigation, the FIA discovered "start sequence" (start control) software in the Benetton B194 cars, and a variety connected with illegal software in rival teams' cars likewise. FIA had no evidence the software program was ever used, so teams found with all the software received little to help no punishment. No traction control software was found to stay the Benetton cars, however. Flavio Briatore, Benetton's chief in 1994, said in 2001 that will "Our only mistake was that back then we were too young the ones were suspicious".
Winterjassen
Throughout the 1994 season Benetton eliminated a fuel filter through the refueling rig used while in pit stops. This may have led to a fire that came about during Jos Verstappen's 1st pitstop at Hockenheim. This resulted in further inquiries from the FIA, during which, the refuelling rig manufacturer explained that in their opinion the modification would have resulted in 10% higher flow rates versus rules allowed[citation needed]. Again the team proceeded to go without substantial punishment.
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Benetton Solution Ltd., commonly referred to simply as Benetton, was a Formula One particular constructor that participated through 1986 to 2001. The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores of the same name. In 2000 the crew was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton with the 2000 and 2001 seasons. In 2002 the crew became Renault F1.The Benetton Group entered Formula One to be a sponsor company for Tyrrell with 1983, then Alfa Romeo throughout 1984 and 1985 and lastly Toleman in 1985. Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the finish of 1985 when the Toleman team was sold on the Benetton family. The team began with BMW engines then later switched to Ford then Renault and then Playlife.
Driving the Benetton B196 was ten times more physically demanding than
Your team was managed through Flavio Briatore from 1990 until eventually 1997. In about 1991, TWR acquired a one-third stake inside the team, bringing in Tom Walkinshaw and Ross Brawn to run the engineering operations. Rocco Benetton, the youngest son associated with Luciano Benetton joined the team as Chief executive in 1998 and fired Briatore. He replaced him with Prodrive boss David Richards, who lasted only to get a year when he far too was fired, due to a disagreement while using Benetton family about long term strategy. Following Richards' departure, Rocco Benetton managed the team for several years until its sale for you to Renault.The Benetton team is most beneficial known for its achievements with Michael Schumacher, who accounts for 19 on the team's 27 career wins and their 2 drivers' titles. After switching to Renault motors, they also won this constructor's championship in 1995 having Schumacher and Johnny Herbert. After 1995, Schumacher moved to Ferrari in addition to Ross Brawn, Rory Byrne and 11 different key figures from his / her two championship winning times with Benetton.
car and the Benetton pit crew. ATP Muenchen, Photographer Arthur Thill
About March 16, 2000, the team was marketed to Renault for $120 million US. As part of their own restructuring, Renault brought back Flavio Briatore because team manager. The team still used the Playlife engines (though descended from Renault motors) that they been using for the last two years. The drivers were Giancarlo Fisichella along with Alexander Wurz. The team scored 20 points, as well as 3 podium completes in 2000 at South america, Monaco and Canada.During their final time of year in 2001 the drivers, Jenson Button and Giancarlo Fisichella, were often on the rear two rows of this grid. This was in part due to the new 111-degree extensive angle engine. But continued development granted Benetton to leave Method 1 on something of a high, and the cars' efficiency lifted. Button and Fisichella scored 10 points with the team, including a podium finish off for Fisichella in Belgium.
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Throughout the 1994 season, some rival teams said Benetton had found methods to violate the FIA-imposed suspend on electronic aids, including traction control and also launch control. On investigation, the FIA discovered "start sequence" (kick off control) software inside Benetton B194 cars, and a variety regarding illegal software in rival teams' cars as well. FIA had no evidence the application was ever used, so teams found using the software received little to help no punishment. No traction control software was found to stay the Benetton cars, however. Flavio Briatore, Benetton's chief in 1994, said in 2001 that "Our only mistake was that at the time we were too young the ones were suspicious".
Benetton Pit Fire Germany 1994 by F1history on DeviantArt
In the 1994 season Benetton taken away a fuel filter from your refueling rig used throughout pit stops. This may have generated a fire that came about during Jos Verstappen's primary pitstop at Hockenheim. This resulted in further inquiries from the FIA, during which, the refuelling rig manufacturer clarified that in their opinion the modification would have resulted in 10% higher flow rates than the rules allowed[citation needed]. Again the team gone without substantial punishment.
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Bentley Power generators Limited (/ˈbɛntli/) is a British company that types, develops, and manufactures luxury motorcars which can be largely hand-built. It is a additional of Volkswagen AG. Now based in Crewe, England, Bentley Motors Limited has been founded by W. O. Bentley on 18 The month of january 1919 in Cricklewood, North London.Bentley cars are sold via franchised dealers world-wide, and as of Nov 2012, China was the major market.Most Bentley cars are assembled for the Crewe factory, but a small variety of Continental Flying Spurs are assembled for the factory in Dresden, Germany. Bodies for the Continental are produced in Zwickau, Germany.Bentley won the a day of Le Mans within 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, and 2003.
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Iconic Bentley models range from the Bentley 4½ Litre, Bentley Speed Six, Bentley R Type Ls, Bentley Turbo R, and Bentley Arnage. As of 2015, Bentley produce the Ls Flying Spur, Continental GT, Bentley Bentayga and the Mulsanne.Rolls-Royce bought Bentley on the receivers in 1931 and subsequently sold it for you to Vickers plc in 1980 while Rolls-Royce themselves went on the rocks. In 1998, Vickers sold it to Volkswagen AG. The sale included your vehicle designs, model nameplates, production and administrative facilities, the Spirit of Joyfulness and Rolls-Royce grille form trademarks, but not the rights for the Rolls-Royce name or logo which can be owned by Rolls-Royce Holdings plc as well as were licensed to BMW AG.Before World War My partner and i, Walter Owen Bentley, and his brother, Horace Millner Bentley, sold French DFP cars and trucks in Cricklewood, North London, but W. O, as Walter was recognized, always wanted to design and build his own cars. At the DFP manufacturing facility, in 1913, he noticed an aluminum paperweight and thought that aluminum might be a suitable replacement with regard to cast iron to fabricate lighter pistons. The first Bentley aluminum pistons were fitted to Sopwith Camel aero engines during World War We.In August 1919, W. O. registered Bentley Motors Ltd. and in October he exhibited a vehicle chassis, with dummy engine, at the London Motor Show. Ex-Royal Flying Corps officer, Clive Gallop, designed an innovative some valves per cylinder engine with the chassis. By December the motor was built and managing. Delivery of the primary cars was scheduled regarding June 1920, but development took longer than estimated and so the date was extended to September 1921. The durability of the initial Bentley cars earned widespread acclaim and so they competed in hill climbs as well as raced at Brooklands.Bentley's first major affair was the 1922 Indianapolis 500, a race, dominated by specialized cars with Duesenberg racing framework. They entered a altered road car driven by works driver, Douglas Hawkes, accompanied by riding repair shop, H. S. "Bertie" Browning. Hawkes completed the entire 500 miles and finished 13th having an average speed of 74. 95 mph after beginning in 19th position. The team was then rushed here we are at England to compete in the 1922 RAC Tourist Trophy.Chief Woolf BarnatoIn ironic reference in order to his heavyweight boxer's size, Captain Woolf Barnato has been nicknamed "Babe". In 1925, he acquired his primary Bentley, a 3-litre. With this car he won numerous Brooklands events. Just a year later he acquired the Bentley organization itself.The Bentley enterprise seemed to be always underfunded, but inspired by your 1924 Le Mans earn by John Duff as well as Frank Clement, Barnato agreed to fund Bentley's business. Barnato had incorporated Baromans Ltd within 1922, which existed as his or her finance and investment vehicle. Via Baromans, Barnato initially invested more than £100, 000, saving the business as well as workforce. A financial reorganisation from the original Bentley company was completed and all existing creditors paid off for £75, 000. Existing shares were devalued via £1 each to simply 1 shilling, or 5% or their own original value. Barnato held 149, 500 of the brand-new shares giving him control from the company and he became chairman. Barnato injected further cash into your business: £35, 000 secured by debenture throughout July 1927; £40, 000 in 1928; £25, 000 in 1929. With renewed financial enter, W. O. Bentley was able to design another generation of automobiles.
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Your Bentley Boys were a gaggle of British motoring enthusiasts that included Woolf Barnato, Sir Henry "Tim" Birkin, steeple chaser George Duller, aviator Glen Kidston, automotive journalist S. C. H. "Sammy" Davis, and Dr Dudley Benjafield. The Bentley Boys, favored Bentley cars. Many were independently wealthy and frequently had a military qualifications. They kept the marque's reputation for top rated alive; Bentley was noted for its four consecutive victories in the 24 Hours of The Mans from 1927 to be able to 1930.In 1929, Tim Birkin developed this 4½ litre, lightweight Blower Bentley at Welwyn Garden City along with produced five racing special offers, starting with Bentley Blowing apparatus No. 1 which was optimised for that Brooklands racing circuit. Birkin overruled W. O. and put the model available before it was fully developed. As a result, it was unreliable.
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Inside March 1930, during the Blue Coach Races, Woolf Barnato raised your stakes on Rover and its Rover Light Six, having raced and beaten Le Train Bleu for the 1st time, to better that record along with his 6½-litre Bentley Speed Six on the bet of £100. He drove against the actual train from Cannes to help Calais, then by ferry in order to Dover, and finally London, travelling on public highways, and won.
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Barnato drove his H. J. Mulliner-bodied formal saloon inside race against the Azure Train. Two months later, on 21 May 1930, he took delivery of the Speed Six with efficient fastback "Sportsman Coupé" by means of Gurney Nutting. Both cars became referred to as the "Blue Train Bentleys"; the latter is often mistaken for, or erroneously referred to as being, the car that competed the Blue Train, while in fact Barnato referred to as it in memory involving his race. [19][20] A painting by means of Terence Cuneo depicts this Gurney Nutting coupé race along a road parallel for the Blue Train, which scenario never occurred because the road and railway wouldn't follow the same option.
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Aston Martin Lagonda Limited is often a British manufacturer of extravagance sports cars and awesome tourers. It was founded within 1913 by Lionel Martin and also Robert Bamford.The firm became regarding luxury grand touring cars inside 1950s and 1960s, and with the fictional character James Bond following his by using a DB5 model inside 1964 film Goldfinger.The company has had a chequered financial history, including bankruptcy in the particular 1970s, but has also enjoyed long stretches of success and balance, including under the ownership of David Brown, from 1947 to 1972 and with the Ford Motor Company via 1994 to 2007.In March 2007, a consortium of investors, led by David Richards, purchased 92% of Aston Martin intended for £479 million, with Ford retaining a new £40 million stake. David Richards became chairman associated with Aston Martin. In December 2012, the Italian private money fund Investindustrialsigned a deal to get 37. 5% of Aston Martin, investing £150 million like a capital increase.
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FoundingAston Martin was started in 1913 by Lionel Martin along with Robert Bamford. The two had became a member of forces as Bamford & Martin the prior year to sell cars manufactured by Singer from premises within Callow Street, London where they likewise serviced GWK and Calthorpe autos. Martin raced specials at Aston Hill near Aston Clinton, and the pair decided to make their own vehicles. The first car to become named Aston Martin was made by Martin by fitted a four-cylinder Coventry-Simplex engine towards chassis of a 1908 Isotta-Fraschini.They acquired premises in Henniker Mews in Kensington and also produced their first car in March 1915. Production could not start as a result of outbreak of World Conflict I, and Martin joined the particular Admiralty and Bamford the particular Royal Army Service Corps. All machinery was sold to the Sopwith Aviation Company.Inter war yearsAfter the war, the company was refounded from Abingdon Road, Kensington and a new car created to carry the Aston-Martin label. Bamford left in 1920 plus the company was revitalised using funding from Count Louis Zborowski. In 1922, Bamford & Martin created cars to compete from the French Grand Prix, which went on to put world speed and staying power records at Brooklands. Three works Team Cars with 16-valve twin cam engines were built pertaining to racing and record breaking: chassis number 1914, later developed as your Green Pea; chassis number 1915, the Razor Blade history car; and chassis number 1916, later developed as your Halford Special.
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Somewhere around 55 cars were built easily obtainable in two configurations, long chassis and short chassis. The company went insolvent in 1924 and ended up being bought by Lady Charnwood, who put her son John Benson around the board. The company failed again in 1925 along with the factory closed in 1926, with Lionel Martin leaving.Later that year, Bill Renwick, Augustus (Bert) Bertelli and investors including Lady Charnwood took control of the company. They renamed it Aston Martin Engines and moved it towards the former Whitehead Aircraft Limited works in Feltham. Renwick and Bertelli had been in partnership some a long time and had developed a overhead-cam four-cylinder engine using Renwick's patented combustion holding chamber design, which they had tested in an Enfield-Allday chassis. The only "Renwick along with Bertelli" motor car made, it was known as "Buzzbox" nonetheless survives.The pair had planned to offer their engine to powerplant manufacturers, but having heard that the Aston Martin was no longer in production realised they might capitalise on its reputation to jump start the production of a completely new car.Between 1926 and 1937 Bertelli was both technical director and designer of new Aston Martins, since known as "Bertelli cars". They included the 1½-litre "T-type", "International", "Le Mans", "MKII" and its rushing derivative, the "Ulster", and the 2-litre 15/98 and racing derivative, the "Speed Model". Most were open two-seater sports cars bodied by Bert Bertelli's pal Enrico (Harry), with a small number of long-chassis four-seater tourers, dropheads and saloons additionally produced.Bertelli was a qualified driver keen to ethnic background his cars, one of few owner/manufacturer/drivers. The "LM" team cars and trucks were very successful with national and international generator racing including at Le Mans along with the Mille Miglia.
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Economic problems reappeared in 1932. The company was rescued for just a year by L. Prideaux Brune before passing it on Sir Arthur Sutherland. In 1936, Aston Martin decided to target road cars, producing just 700 right up until World War II stopped work. Production shifted to aircraft components through the war.David Brown era1958 Aston Martin DB Tag IIIIn 1947, tractor manufacturer David Brown Limited bought the business under the leadership involving managing director Sir Mark Brown-its "post-war saviour". The company also acquired Lagonda that year because of its 2. 6-litre W. O. Bentley-designed engine. Both companies shared means and workshops, leading to the classic "DB" group of cars. In 1950, the company announced your DB2, followed by the DB2/4 within 1953, the DB2/4 MkII in 1955, the DB Mark III in 1957 and also the Italian-styled 3. 7 L DB4 within 1958.While these models helped Aston Martin establish a good racing pedigree, the DB4 stood out and about and yielded the popular DB5 in 1963. The company stayed correct to its emerging "grand touring" style while using DB6 (1965-70), and DBS (1967-1972).The six-cylinder engines of the cars from 1954 approximately 1965 were designed through Tadek Marek.
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Audi A is really a German automobile manufacturer in which designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes luxurious vehicles. Audi oversees worldwide operations from its headquarters with Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are produced in nine production facilities worldwide.The origins of the corporation are complex, going back to early 20th century and the original enterprises founded by professional August Horch; and two other suppliers, leading to the base of Auto Union with 1932. The modern era regarding Audi essentially began from the 1960s when Auto Unification was acquired by Volkswagen coming from Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand using the 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Unification with NSU Motorenwerke in 1969, thus creating the present day form of the company.The company name is founded on the Latin translation of the surname of the originator, August Horch. "Horch", meaning "listen" in A language like german, becomes "audi" in Latin. The four rings with the Audi logo each represent considered one of four car companies that banded together to create Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning "Advancement through Technology". However, since 2007 Audi STATES has used the motto "Truth in Engineering". Audi is among this best-selling luxury automobiles on the globe.
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On 14 November 1899, August Horch (1868-1951) established the business A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld center of Cologne. Three years later with 1902 he moved in reference to his company to Reichenbach i will be Vogtland. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded the particular August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company with Zwickau (State of Saxony).After troubles with Horch primary financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke in addition to founded in Zwickau in 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued your pet for trademark infringement. The German Reichsgericht (Gigantic Court) in Leipzig, eventually determined that the particular Horch brand belonged to his former company.Audi Type ESince August Horch seemed to be banned from using "Horch" like a trade name in the new car business, he called a ending up in close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher coming from Zwickau, Germany. At the apartment associated with Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to create a new name for your company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin in a very corner of the space. Several times he looked like he was on the verge of saying anything but would just swallow his words and continue working, until he finally blurted out and about, "Father - audiatur et altera pars... wouldn't it be a smart idea to call it audi as an alternative to horch? " "Horch! " in German indicates "Hark! " or "hear", which is "Audi" inside singular imperative form of "audire" - "to listen" - inside Latin. The idea was readily accepted by everyone going to the meeting. On 25 April 1910 the Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau (through 1915 on Audiwerke AG Zwickau) was entered from the company's register of Zwickau subscription court.The first Audi auto, the Audi Type Any 10/22 hp (of sixteen kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in the same year, followed by the heir Type B 10/28PS in the same year.Audi started with a 2, 612 cc inline-four motor model Type A, followed by a 3, 564 cc model, as well as some, 680 cc and 5, 720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sporting events. The first six-cylinder style Type M, 4, 655 cc appeared throughout 1924.
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May Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 for a high position at the actual ministry of transport, but he was still involved with Audi as a member of the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the first German car manufacturer to present a production car, the Audi Type Okay, with left-handed drive. Left-hand drive spread and established dominance throughout the 1920s because it provided a much better view of oncoming targeted visitors, making overtaking safer.The merger of the four companies underneath the logo of four wedding ringsIn August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority connected with shares in Audiwerke AG. In the same year, Rasmussen bought the remains from the U. S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing products for eight-cylinder engines. These engines were utilized in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models which were launched in 1929. At the same occasion, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (the "four" having a Peugeot engine) versions were manufactured. Audi cars of that will era were luxurious cars pre-loaded with special bodywork.In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Partnership AG, Chemnitz. It was during this period that the company made available the Audi Front that became the initial European car to incorporate a six-cylinder engine with front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain distributed to the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced the top.Before World War II, Auto Union used the four interlinked rings define the Audi badge right now, representing these four manufacturers. This badge was applied, however, only on Auto Union racing cars in that period while the member companies used their own names and emblems. The technological development became an increasing number of concentrated and some Audi products were propelled by Horch or perhaps Wanderer built engines.
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Exhibiting the economic pressures almost daily, Auto Union concentrated progressively more on smaller cars through the 1930s, so that by 1938 the company's DKW brand accounted regarding 17. 9% of the German born car market, while Audi held only 0. 1%. After the final handful of Audis were delivered throughout 1939 the "Audi" name disappeared completely through the new car market for over two decades.Post-World War IIIFA F9Like most German manufacturing, at the onset involving World War II your Auto Union plants had been retooled for military output, and were a targeted for allied bombing during the war which left these damaged.Overrun by the Soviet Military in 1945, on the orders of the Soviet Union military administration the factories were dismantled as part of war reparations. Following this, the company's entire belongings were expropriated without pay out. On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG involving Chemnitz was deleted through the commercial register. These actions had the result of liquidating Germany's Car Union AG. The remains of the Audi plant of Zwickau grew to be the VEB Automobilwerk Zwickau or perhaps AWZ (in English: Automobile Works Zwickau).
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Without having prospect of continuing production in Soviet controlled East Germany, Auto Union executives began it of relocating what was left on the company to West Malaysia. A site was targeted in Ingolstadt, Bavaria to start an extra parts operation in late 1945, which would eventually serve because the headquarters of the reformed Automobile Union in 1949.The former Audi manufacturing facility in Zwickau restarted assembly of the pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models were definitely renamed to IFA F8 and IFA F9 and were just as the West German versions. West and East German models were built with the traditional and legendary DKW two-stroke engines. The Zwickau plant constructed the infamous Trabant till 1991, when it came using Volkswagen control-effectively bringing it in the same umbrella as Audi considering that 1945.
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Aston Martin Lagonda Limited can be a British manufacturer of luxury sports cars and awesome tourers. It was founded throughout 1913 by Lionel Martin in addition to Robert Bamford.The firm became connected with luxury grand touring cars within the 1950s and 1960s, and with the fantastic character James Bond following his using a DB5 model inside 1964 film Goldfinger.The company has had a chequered credit history, including bankruptcy in the particular 1970s, but has also enjoyed very long stretches of success and stability, including under the title of David Brown, from 1947 to 1972 and on the Ford Motor Company coming from 1994 to 2007.In March 2007, a consortium of shareholders, led by David Richards, purchased 92% of Aston Martin intended for £479 million, with Ford retaining some sort of £40 million stake. David Richards became chairman regarding Aston Martin. In December 2012, the Italian private fairness fund Investindustrialsigned a deal to get 37. 5% of Aston Martin, investing £150 million as a capital increase.
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FoundingAston Martin was launched in 1913 by Lionel Martin as well as Robert Bamford. The two had became a member of forces as Bamford & Martin the last year to sell cars of Singer from premises in Callow Street, London where they in addition serviced GWK and Calthorpe cars. Martin raced specials in Aston Hill near Aston Clinton, and the pair thought i would make their own motor vehicles. The first car to become named Aston Martin was created by Martin by fitted a four-cylinder Coventry-Simplex engine towards the chassis of a 1908 Isotta-Fraschini.They acquired premises on Henniker Mews in Kensington and also produced their first car or truck in March 1915. Production could not start as a result of outbreak of World Battle I, and Martin joined the Admiralty and Bamford the Royal Army Service Corps. All machinery was sold on the Sopwith Aviation Company.Inter war yearsAfter the war, the company was refounded on Abingdon Road, Kensington and a new car meant to carry the Aston-Martin title. Bamford left in 1920 as well as the company was revitalised using funding from Count Louis Zborowski. In 1922, Bamford & Martin produced cars to compete in the French Grand Prix, which went on to put world speed and stamina records at Brooklands. Three works Team Automobiles with 16-valve twin camera engines were built for racing and record smashing: chassis number 1914, later developed as this Green Pea; chassis number 1915, the Razor Blade file car; and chassis number 1916, later developed as the particular Halford Special.
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About 55 cars were built for sale in two configurations, long chassis and limited chassis. The company went belly up in 1924 and seemed to be bought by Lady Charnwood, who put her son John Benson about the board. The company failed again in 1925 along with the factory closed in 1926, with Lionel Martin departing.Later that year, Bill Renwick, Augustus (Bert) Bertelli and investors which included Lady Charnwood took control on the company. They renamed it Aston Martin Magnetic motors and moved it towards the former Whitehead Aircraft Constrained works in Feltham. Renwick and Bertelli was in partnership some a long time and had developed a overhead-cam four-cylinder engine using Renwick's patented combustion step design, which they had tested within the Enfield-Allday chassis. The only "Renwick along with Bertelli" motor car made, it was known as "Buzzbox" nonetheless survives.The pair had planned to sell their engine to powerplant manufacturers, but having heard which the Aston Martin was don't in production realised they are able to capitalise on its status to jump start the production of any completely new car.Between 1926 and 1937 Bertelli had been both technical director and designer coming from all new Aston Martins, since known as "Bertelli cars". They included the 1½-litre "T-type", "International", "Le Mans", "MKII" and its race derivative, the "Ulster", and the 2-litre 15/98 and its particular racing derivative, the "Speed Model". Most were open two-seater sporting activities cars bodied by Bert Bertelli's sibling Enrico (Harry), with a small amount of long-chassis four-seater tourers, dropheads and saloons additionally produced.Bertelli was a proficient driver keen to race his cars, one of few owner/manufacturer/drivers. The "LM" team automobiles were very successful throughout national and international generator racing including at Le Mans plus the Mille Miglia.
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Monetary problems reappeared in 1932. The company was rescued to get a year by L. Prideaux Brune before passing it on to Sir Arthur Sutherland. In 1936, Aston Martin decided to pay attention to road cars, producing just 700 until World War II quit work. Production shifted to aircraft components through the war.David Brown era1958 Aston Martin DB Tag IIIIn 1947, tractor manufacturer David Brown Limited bought the organization under the leadership connected with managing director Sir Brian Brown-its "post-war saviour". The company also obtained Lagonda that year because of its 2. 6-litre W. O. Bentley-designed engine. Both companies shared resources and workshops, leading to the classic "DB" compilation of cars. In 1950, the company announced this DB2, followed by the DB2/4 throughout 1953, the DB2/4 MkII with 1955, the DB Mark III in 1957 and also the Italian-styled 3. 7 L DB4 with 1958.While these models helped Aston Martin generate a good racing pedigree, the DB4 stood out and about and yielded the well known DB5 in 1963. The company stayed genuine to its emerging "grand touring" style with the DB6 (1965-70), and DBS (1967-1972).The six-cylinder engines of the cars from 1954 up to 1965 were designed by means of Tadek Marek.
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Audi A is really a German automobile manufacturer which designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes high-class vehicles. Audi oversees worldwide operations from its headquarters with Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are stated in nine production facilities worldwide.The origins of the organization are complex, going back to the early 20th century and the initial enterprises founded by industrial engineer August Horch; and two other companies, leading to the groundwork of Auto Union throughout 1932. The modern era involving Audi essentially began inside the 1960s when Auto Unification was acquired by Volkswagen via Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand while using the 1965 introduction of the actual Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Marriage with NSU Motorenwerke within 1969, thus creating the modern form of the firm.The company name is dependant on the Latin translation of the surname of the inventor, August Horch. "Horch", meaning "listen" in In german, becomes "audi" in Latina. The four rings from the Audi logo each represent one among four car companies that banded together to build Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning "Advancement through Technology". However, since 2007 Audi STATES has used the motto "Truth in Engineering". Audi is among the particular best-selling luxury automobiles on this planet.
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Upon 14 November 1899, August Horch (1868-1951) established this company A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld region of Cologne. Three years later in 1902 he moved in reference to his company to Reichenbach im Vogtland. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded the actual August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company with Zwickau (State of Saxony).After troubles with Horch primary financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke along with founded in Zwickau on 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued them for trademark infringement. The German Reichsgericht (Supreme Court) in Leipzig, eventually determined that the actual Horch brand belonged for you to his former company.Audi Type ESince August Horch seemed to be banned from using "Horch" as being a trade name in the new car business, he called a ending up in close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher by Zwickau, Germany. At the apartment involving Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to think of a new name for the company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin in a corner of the place. Several times he seemed like he was on the actual verge of saying some thing but would just digest his words and continue working, until he finally blurted out there, "Father - audiatur et altera pars... wouldn't it be best if you call it audi rather than horch? " "Horch! " in German implies "Hark! " or "hear", which is "Audi" inside singular imperative form connected with "audire" - "to listen" - within Latin. The idea was swiftly accepted by everyone going to the meeting. On 25 April 1910 the particular Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau (from 1915 on Audiwerke AG Zwickau) was entered in the company's register of Zwickau enrollment court.The first Audi automobile, the Audi Type Some sort of 10/22 hp (16 kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in the identical year, followed by the heir Type B 10/28PS in the same year.Audi started with some sort of 2, 612 cc inline-four engine model Type A, followed by a 3, 564 cc model, as well as several, 680 cc and 5, 720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sports. The first six-cylinder style Type M, 4, 655 cc appeared in 1924.
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July Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 for just a high position at the particular ministry of transport, but he was still involved with Audi as a person in the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the first German car manufacturer presenting a production car, the Audi Type Nited kingdom, with left-handed drive. Left-hand drive spread and established dominance during the 1920s because it provided a greater view of oncoming traffic, making overtaking safer.The merger of the four companies within the logo of four ringsIn August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority regarding shares in Audiwerke AG. In the same 12 months, Rasmussen bought the remains with the U. S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing tools for eight-cylinder engines. These engines were utilized in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models which are launched in 1929. At the same time period, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (the "four" which has a Peugeot engine) products were manufactured. Audi cars of that era were luxurious cars built with special bodywork.In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Unification AG, Chemnitz. It was during this era that the company made available the Audi Front that became the very first European car to mix a six-cylinder engine using front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain distributed to the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced top.Before World War II, Auto Union used the particular four interlinked rings comprise the Audi badge currently, representing these four brand names. This badge was employed, however, only on Auto Union racing cars in this period while the member companies used their very own names and emblems. The technological development became more and more concentrated and some Audi types were propelled by Horch or perhaps Wanderer built engines.
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Highlighting the economic pressures of the time, Auto Union concentrated progressively more on smaller cars from the 1930s, so that by 1938 their DKW brand accounted intended for 17. 9% of the German born car market, while Audi held only 0. 1%. After the final couple of Audis were delivered inside 1939 the "Audi" name disappeared completely through the new car market for in excess of two decades.Post-World War IIIFA F9Like most German manufacturing, at the onset regarding World War II the actual Auto Union plants had been retooled for military creation, and were a focus on for allied bombing in the war which left these damaged.Overrun by the Soviet Armed service in 1945, on the orders in the Soviet Union military administration the factories were dismantled as part of war reparations. Following this, the company's entire belongings were expropriated without compensation. On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG associated with Chemnitz was deleted from your commercial register. These actions had the effects of liquidating Germany's Vehicle Union AG. The remains of your Audi plant of Zwickau started to be the VEB Automobilwerk Zwickau or AWZ (in Language: Automobile Works Zwickau).
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Without prospect of continuing production in Soviet controlled East Germany, Auto Union executives began accomplishing this of relocating what was left of the company to West Philippines. A site was picked out in Ingolstadt, Bavaria to start a spare parts operation in delayed 1945, which would eventually serve since the headquarters of the reformed Automotive Union in 1949.The former Audi plant in Zwickau restarted assembly from the pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models were being renamed to IFA F8 and additionally IFA F9 and were just as the West German versions. West and East German models were built with the traditional and distinguished DKW two-stroke engines. The Zwickau plant fabricated the infamous Trabant till 1991, when it came under Volkswagen control-effectively bringing it beneath same umbrella as Audi considering the fact that 1945.
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