Benetton Solution Ltd., commonly referred to purely as Benetton, was a Formula Just one constructor that participated via 1986 to 2001. The team was owned by the Benetton family who run an international chain of clothing stores on the same name. In 2000 the staff was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton to the 2000 and 2001 periods. In 2002 the workforce became Renault F1.The Benetton Group entered Formula One as being a sponsor company for Tyrrell within 1983, then Alfa Romeo with 1984 and 1985 and finally Toleman in 1985. Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the finish of 1985 when the actual Toleman team was sold for the Benetton family. The team began with BMW engines after which later switched to Ford then Renault last but not least Playlife.
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The particular team was managed by Flavio Briatore from 1990 until 1997. In about 1991, TWR acquired a one-third stake in the team, bringing in Tom Walkinshaw and Ross Brawn to operate the engineering operations. Rocco Benetton, the youngest son connected with Luciano Benetton joined the team as Chief executive in 1998 and let go Briatore. He replaced him having Prodrive boss David Richards, who lasted only for the year when he too was fired, due to a disagreement using the Benetton family about foreseeable future strategy. Following Richards' departure, Rocco Benetton managed the team for three years until its sale to be able to Renault.The Benetton team is best known for its achievement with Michael Schumacher, who accounts for 19 of the team's 27 career wins and their 2 drivers' titles. After switching to Renault applications, they also won the constructor's championship in 1995 together with Schumacher and Johnny Herbert. After 1995, Schumacher moved to Ferrari along with Ross Brawn, Rory Byrne and 11 other key figures from the two championship winning conditions with Benetton.
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In March 16, 2000, the team was marketed to Renault for $120 zillion US. As part of their own restructuring, Renault brought back Flavio Briatore while team manager. The team still applied the Playlife engines (though descended from Renault motors) that they had been using the past two years. The drivers were Giancarlo Fisichella and also Alexander Wurz. The team scored 20 items, as well as 3 podium finishes in 2000 at South america, Monaco and Canada.During their final time in 2001 the people, Jenson Button and Giancarlo Fisichella, were often on the rear two rows of your grid. This was in part due to the new 111-degree large angle engine. But continued development permitted Benetton to leave Formulation 1 on something of an high, and the cars' effectiveness lifted. Button and Fisichella scored 10 points to the team, including a podium end for Fisichella in Belgium.
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Over the 1994 season, some rival teams stated Benetton had found methods to violate the FIA-imposed suspend on electronic aids, including traction control and also launch control. On investigation, the FIA discovered "start sequence" (start control) software in the Benetton B194 cars, and a variety associated with illegal software in rival teams' cars too. FIA had no evidence the program was ever used, so teams found with the software received little to no punishment. No traction control software was found to stay the Benetton cars, however. Flavio Briatore, Benetton's chief in 1994, said in 2001 of which "Our only mistake was that at that time we were too young and the wonderful were suspicious".
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In the 1994 season Benetton taken away a fuel filter through the refueling rig used while in pit stops. This may have ended in a fire that took place during Jos Verstappen's first pitstop at Hockenheim. This resulted in further inquiries through the FIA, during which, the refuelling rig manufacturer made clear that in their opinion the modification can have resulted in 10% higher flow rates than the rules allowed[citation needed]. Again the team gone without substantial punishment.
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Audi A is a German automobile manufacturer which designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes high end vehicles. Audi oversees worldwide surgical procedures from its headquarters within Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are manufactured in nine production facilities globally.The origins of the corporation are complex, going back to earlier 20th century and the original enterprises founded by engineer August Horch; and two other manufacturers, leading to the basis of Auto Union inside 1932. The modern era regarding Audi essentially began inside the 1960s when Auto Union was acquired by Volkswagen by Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand using the 1965 introduction of your Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Partnership with NSU Motorenwerke with 1969, thus creating the modern-day form of the business.The company name is based on the Latin translation with the surname of the founder, August Horch. "Horch", meaning "listen" in A language like german, becomes "audi" in Latin. The four rings on the Audi logo each represent one of four car companies that banded together to create Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning "Advancement through Technology". However, since 2007 Audi UNITED STATES has used the commercial "Truth in Engineering". Audi is among the actual best-selling luxury automobiles on the globe.
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On 14 November 1899, August Horch (1868-1951) established the company A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld section of Cologne. Three years later inside 1902 he moved in reference to his company to Reichenbach i am Vogtland. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded the particular August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company in Zwickau (State connected with Saxony).After troubles with Horch primary financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke along with founded in Zwickau upon 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued them for trademark infringement. The German Reichsgericht (Supreme Court) in Leipzig, eventually determined that the Horch brand belonged to his former company.Audi Type ESince August Horch had been banned from using "Horch" being a trade name in his new car business, he called a ending up in close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher through Zwickau, Germany. At the apartment involving Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to get a new name for the company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin in a corner of the area. Several times he appeared as if he was on your verge of saying anything but would just swallow his words and continue working, until he finally blurted available, "Father - audiatur et altera pars... wouldn't it be recommended that you call it audi as opposed to horch? " "Horch! " in German signifies "Hark! " or "hear", which is "Audi" within the singular imperative form associated with "audire" - "to listen" - within Latin. The idea was readily accepted by everyone participating the meeting. On 25 April 1910 the particular Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau (by 1915 on Audiwerke AG Zwickau) was entered inside company's register of Zwickau subscription court.The first Audi car, the Audi Type Any 10/22 hp (sixteen kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in the same year, followed by the heir Type B 10/28PS within the same year.Audi started with a new 2, 612 cc inline-four serps model Type A, followed by a 3, 564 cc model, as well as some, 680 cc and 5, 720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sports. The first six-cylinder design Type M, 4, 655 cc appeared inside 1924.
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May Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 to get a high position at the actual ministry of transport, but he was still associated with Audi as a member of the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the very first German car manufacturer to provide a production car, the Audi Type K, with left-handed drive. Left-hand drive spread and established dominance throughout the 1920s because it provided an even better view of oncoming targeted visitors, making overtaking safer.The merger of the four companies within the logo of four ringsIn August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority connected with shares in Audiwerke AG. In the same year, Rasmussen bought the remains in the U. S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing tools for eight-cylinder engines. These engines were found in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models which were launched in 1929. At the same time, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (the "four" with a Peugeot engine) types were manufactured. Audi cars of which era were luxurious cars designed with special bodywork.In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Unification AG, Chemnitz. It was during this era that the company provided the Audi Front that became the initial European car to incorporate a six-cylinder engine along with front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain shared with the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced the front.Before World War II, Auto Union used the particular four interlinked rings that define the Audi badge these days, representing these four models. This badge was used, however, only on Auto Union racing cars for the reason that period while the member companies used their unique names and emblems. The technological development became more and more concentrated and some Audi designs were propelled by Horch or maybe Wanderer built engines.
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Highlighting the economic pressures of the time, Auto Union concentrated more and more on smaller cars through the 1930s, so that by 1938 the business's DKW brand accounted for 17. 9% of the The german language car market, while Audi held only 0. 1%. After the final handful of Audis were delivered inside 1939 the "Audi" name disappeared completely through the new car market for in excess of two decades.Post-World War IIIFA F9Like most German making, at the onset associated with World War II your Auto Union plants were retooled for military generation, and were a concentrate on for allied bombing over the war which left them damaged.Overrun by the Soviet Affiliate marketer in 1945, on the orders with the Soviet Union military government the factories were dismantled during war reparations. Following this, the company's entire possessions were expropriated without pay out. On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG regarding Chemnitz was deleted from your commercial register. These actions had the effects of liquidating Germany's Automobile Union AG. The remains of the actual Audi plant of Zwickau became the VEB Automobilwerk Zwickau or AWZ (in Uk: Automobile Works Zwickau).
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Without having prospect of continuing development in Soviet controlled Eastern Germany, Auto Union executives began the task of relocating what was left from the company to West Belgium. A site was picked out in Ingolstadt, Bavaria to start an extra parts operation in past due 1945, which would eventually serve since the headquarters of the reformed Auto Union in 1949.The former Audi production line in Zwickau restarted assembly with the pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models were being renamed to IFA F8 and even IFA F9 and were the same as the West German versions. West and East German models were with the traditional and celebrated DKW two-stroke engines. The Zwickau plant constructed the infamous Trabant until eventually 1991, when it came less than Volkswagen control-effectively bringing it beneath same umbrella as Audi considering the fact that 1945.
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