Benetton Formula Ltd., commonly referred to purely as Benetton, was a Formula One particular constructor that participated by 1986 to 2001. The team was owned from the Benetton family who run an international chain of clothing stores on the same name. In 2000 the staff was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton for your 2000 and 2001 times. In 2002 the staff became Renault F1.The Benetton Group entered Formula One as a sponsor company for Tyrrell with 1983, then Alfa Romeo in 1984 and 1985 and finally Toleman in 1985. Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the end of 1985 when your Toleman team was sold towards Benetton family. The team began with BMW engines then later switched to Ford then Renault and then Playlife.
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The team was managed simply by Flavio Briatore from 1990 until 1997. In about 1991, TWR acquired a one-third stake from the team, bringing in Tom Walkinshaw and Ross Brawn to operate the engineering operations. Rocco Benetton, the youngest son involving Luciano Benetton joined the team as Leader in 1998 and dismissed from your job Briatore. He replaced him using Prodrive boss David Richards, who lasted only for a year when he too was fired, due to a disagreement with all the Benetton family about upcoming strategy. Following Richards' departure, Rocco Benetton managed the team for 3 years until its sale to Renault.The Benetton team is better known for its success with Michael Schumacher, who accounts for 19 from the team's 27 career advantages and their 2 drivers' titles. After switching to Renault applications, they also won your constructor's championship in 1995 using Schumacher and Johnny Herbert. After 1995, Schumacher moved to Ferrari as well as Ross Brawn, Rory Byrne and 11 some other key figures from his two championship winning seasons with Benetton.
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About March 16, 2000, the team was distributed to Renault for $120 million US. As part of his or her restructuring, Renault brought back Flavio Briatore as team manager. The team still employed the Playlife engines (while descended from Renault motors) they'd been using the past two years. The drivers were Giancarlo Fisichella and also Alexander Wurz. The team scored 20 details, as well as 3 podium surface finishes in 2000 at Brazilian, Monaco and Canada.During their final season in 2001 the owners, Jenson Button and Giancarlo Fisichella, were often on the spine two rows of this grid. This was in part attributed to the new 111-degree broad angle engine. But continued development helped Benetton to leave Solution 1 on something of any high, and the cars' overall performance lifted. Button and Fisichella scored 10 points to the team, including a podium end for Fisichella in Belgium.
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During the 1994 season, some rival teams claimed Benetton had found a way to violate the FIA-imposed prohibit on electronic aids, including traction control as well as launch control. On investigation, the FIA discovered "start sequence" (kick off control) software inside Benetton B194 cars, and a variety regarding illegal software in rival teams' cars likewise. FIA had no evidence the software was ever used, so teams found while using the software received little to be able to no punishment. No traction control software was found to stay the Benetton cars, however. Flavio Briatore, Benetton's chief in 1994, said in 2001 that "Our only mistake was that at the time we were too young and people were suspicious".
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Over the 1994 season Benetton taken out a fuel filter from your refueling rig used throughout pit stops. This may have triggered a fire that came about during Jos Verstappen's first pitstop at Hockenheim. This resulted in further inquiries by the FIA, during which, the refuelling rig manufacturer explained that in their opinion the modification could have resulted in 10% higher flow rates compared to the rules allowed[citation needed]. Again the team gone without substantial punishment.
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Audi A is a German automobile manufacturer which designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes luxurious vehicles. Audi oversees worldwide surgical procedures from its headquarters with Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are produced in nine production facilities worldwide.The origins of this company are complex, going back to early 20th century and the original enterprises founded by electrical engineer August Horch; and two other makers, leading to the base of Auto Union in 1932. The modern era involving Audi essentially began inside the 1960s when Auto Unification was acquired by Volkswagen coming from Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand using the 1965 introduction of the actual Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Union with NSU Motorenwerke within 1969, thus creating the modern-day form of the corporation.The company name will depend on the Latin translation in the surname of the inventor, August Horch. "Horch", meaning "listen" in German, becomes "audi" in Latin. The four rings on the Audi logo each represent certainly one of four car companies that banded together to build Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning "Advancement through Technology". However, since 2007 Audi UNITED STATES OF AMERICA has used the slogan "Truth in Engineering". Audi is among the best-selling luxury automobiles on this planet.
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On 14 November 1899, August Horch (1868-1951) established this company A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld center of Cologne. Three years later throughout 1902 he moved regarding his company to Reichenbach internet marketing Vogtland. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded the August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company with Zwickau (State involving Saxony).After troubles with Horch key financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke along with founded in Zwickau in 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued them for trademark infringement. The German Reichsgericht (Best Court) in Leipzig, eventually determined that the particular Horch brand belonged to help his former company.Audi Type ESince August Horch ended up being banned from using "Horch" to be a trade name in the new car business, he called a meeting with close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher via Zwickau, Germany. At the apartment of Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to generate a new name for the company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin inside a corner of the space. Several times he looked like he was on this verge of saying one thing but would just digest his words and keep on working, until he finally blurted out, "Father - audiatur et altera pars... wouldn't it be best if you call it audi as opposed to horch? " "Horch! " in German indicates "Hark! " or "hear", which is "Audi" from the singular imperative form connected with "audire" - "to listen" - inside Latin. The idea was enthusiastically accepted by everyone joining the meeting. On 25 April 1910 your Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau (from 1915 on Audiwerke AG Zwickau) was entered inside the company's register of Zwickau subscription court.The first Audi automobile, the Audi Type Any 10/22 hp (sixteen kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in exactly the same year, followed by the heir Type B 10/28PS inside the same year.Audi started with the 2, 612 cc inline-four engine model Type A, followed by a 3, 564 cc model, as well as 5, 680 cc and 5, 720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sports. The first six-cylinder design Type M, 4, 655 cc appeared with 1924.
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September Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 for just a high position at this ministry of transport, but he was still associated with Audi as a person in the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the very first German car manufacturer presenting a production car, the Audi Type E, with left-handed drive. Left-hand drive spread and established dominance in the 1920s because it provided an improved view of oncoming traffic, making overtaking safer.The merger of the four companies within the logo of four jewelryIn August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority of shares in Audiwerke AG. In the same year, Rasmussen bought the remains with the U. S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing equipment for eight-cylinder engines. These engines were utilized in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models which are launched in 1929. At the same moment, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (the "four" with a Peugeot engine) types were manufactured. Audi cars of of which era were luxurious cars furnished with special bodywork.In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Unification AG, Chemnitz. It was during this era that the company supplied the Audi Front that became the 1st European car to merge a six-cylinder engine along with front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain shared with the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced leading.Before World War II, Auto Union used the four interlinked rings that make up the Audi badge today, representing these four makes. This badge was utilized, however, only on Auto Union racing cars in this period while the member companies used his or her names and emblems. The technological development became a lot more concentrated and some Audi versions were propelled by Horch or even Wanderer built engines.
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Reflecting the economic pressures almost daily, Auto Union concentrated more and more on smaller cars through the 1930s, so that by 1938 their DKW brand accounted regarding 17. 9% of the The german language car market, while Audi held solely 0. 1%. After the final several Audis were delivered in 1939 the "Audi" name disappeared completely through the new car market for a lot more than two decades.Post-World War IIIFA F9Like most German producing, at the onset associated with World War II the actual Auto Union plants have been retooled for military output, and were a targeted for allied bombing in the war which left them damaged.Overrun by the Soviet Army in 1945, on the orders of the Soviet Union military administration the factories were dismantled included in war reparations. Following this, the company's entire resources were expropriated without reimbursement. On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG associated with Chemnitz was deleted on the commercial register. These actions had the issue of liquidating Germany's Vehicle Union AG. The remains of the actual Audi plant of Zwickau became the VEB Automobilwerk Zwickau or AWZ (in Language: Automobile Works Zwickau).
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With no prospect of continuing manufacturing in Soviet controlled Eastern Germany, Auto Union executives began the task of relocating what was left with the company to West Philippines. A site was picked out in Ingolstadt, Bavaria to start an extra parts operation in the later part of 1945, which would eventually serve when the headquarters of the reformed Motor vehicle Union in 1949.The former Audi factory in Zwickau restarted assembly of this pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models were renamed to IFA F8 and additionally IFA F9 and were just like West German versions. West and East German models were backed up with the traditional and legendary DKW two-stroke engines. The Zwickau plant fabricated the infamous Trabant till 1991, when it came in Volkswagen control-effectively bringing it in the same umbrella as Audi considering that 1945.
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