Audi A is often a German automobile manufacturer which designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes luxurious vehicles. Audi oversees worldwide surgical procedures from its headquarters within Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are manufactured in nine production facilities worldwide.The origins of the business are complex, going back to the early 20th century and the 1st enterprises founded by industrial engineer August Horch; and two other producers, leading to the basis of Auto Union inside 1932. The modern era of Audi essentially began within the 1960s when Auto Partnership was acquired by Volkswagen by Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand while using 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Marriage with NSU Motorenwerke in 1969, thus creating the modern form of the firm.The company name is dependant on the Latin translation from the surname of the founder, August Horch. "Horch", meaning "listen" in German born, becomes "audi" in Latina. The four rings in the Audi logo each represent one of four car companies that banded together to make Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning "Advancement through Technology". However, since 2007 Audi UNITED STATES OF AMERICA has used the motto "Truth in Engineering". Audi is among the actual best-selling luxury automobiles in the world.
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On 14 November 1899, August Horch (1868-1951) established the organization A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld district of Cologne. Three years later within 1902 he moved together with his company to Reichenbach im Vogtland. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded the actual August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company with Zwickau (State connected with Saxony).After troubles with Horch primary financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke in addition to founded in Zwickau with 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued your pet for trademark infringement. The German Reichsgericht (Gigantic Court) in Leipzig, eventually determined that the actual Horch brand belonged to his former company.Audi Type ESince August Horch ended up being banned from using "Horch" like a trade name in the new car business, he called a meeting with close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher via Zwickau, Germany. At the apartment of Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to get a new name to the company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin in a very corner of the room. Several times he seemed like he was on your verge of saying something but would just take his words and go on working, until he finally blurted out, "Father - audiatur et altera pars... wouldn't it be smart to call it audi rather then horch? " "Horch! " in German indicates "Hark! " or "hear", which is "Audi" within the singular imperative form associated with "audire" - "to listen" - in Latin. The idea was with excitement accepted by everyone joining the meeting. On 25 April 1910 this Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau (coming from 1915 on Audiwerke AG Zwickau) was entered inside company's register of Zwickau enrollment court.The first Audi auto, the Audi Type Some sort of 10/22 hp (sixteen kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in a similar year, followed by the heir Type B 10/28PS from the same year.Audi started with a new 2, 612 cc inline-four motor model Type A, followed by a 3, 564 cc model, as well as some, 680 cc and 5, 720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sporting events. The first six-cylinder style Type M, 4, 655 cc appeared throughout 1924.
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September Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 to get a high position at the ministry of transport, but he was still involved with Audi as a member of the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the very first German car manufacturer to provide a production car, the Audi Type Okay, with left-handed drive. Left-hand drive spread and established dominance during the 1920s because it provided a greater view of oncoming visitors, making overtaking safer.The merger of the four companies under the logo of four ringsIn August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority of shares in Audiwerke AG. In the same 12 months, Rasmussen bought the remains from the U. S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing products for eight-cylinder engines. These engines were utilised in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models that have been launched in 1929. At the same moment, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (the "four" with a Peugeot engine) models were manufactured. Audi cars of that era were luxurious cars equipped with special bodywork.In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Union AG, Chemnitz. It was during this era that the company offered the Audi Front that became the initial European car to merge a six-cylinder engine along with front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain distributed to the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced the front.Before World War II, Auto Union used the particular four interlinked rings that make up the Audi badge today, representing these four manufacturers. This badge was employed, however, only on Auto Union racing cars because period while the member companies used their unique names and emblems. The technological development became more and more concentrated and some Audi models were propelled by Horch or maybe Wanderer built engines.
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Reflecting the economic pressures of times, Auto Union concentrated increasingly on smaller cars through the 1930s, so that by 1938 the business's DKW brand accounted regarding 17. 9% of the German born car market, while Audi held merely 0. 1%. After the final handful of Audis were delivered in 1939 the "Audi" name disappeared completely from your new car market for greater than two decades.Post-World War IIIFA F9Like most German creation, at the onset regarding World War II this Auto Union plants ended up retooled for military creation, and were a goal for allied bombing throughout the war which left these individuals damaged.Overrun by the Soviet Affiliate marketer in 1945, on the orders in the Soviet Union military government the factories were dismantled during war reparations. Following this, the company's entire assets were expropriated without compensation. On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG regarding Chemnitz was deleted through the commercial register. These actions had the result of liquidating Germany's Vehicle Union AG. The remains of the particular Audi plant of Zwickau evolved into the VEB Automobilwerk Zwickau or even AWZ (in The english language: Automobile Works Zwickau).
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And no prospect of continuing manufacturing in Soviet controlled Distance Germany, Auto Union executives began the process of relocating what was left with the company to West Malaysia. A site was picked out in Ingolstadt, Bavaria to start a spare parts operation in delayed 1945, which would eventually serve because the headquarters of the reformed Motor vehicle Union in 1949.The former Audi factory in Zwickau restarted assembly from the pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models were renamed to IFA F8 plus IFA F9 and were similar to the West German versions. West and East German models were equipped with the traditional and well known DKW two-stroke engines. The Zwickau plant developed the infamous Trabant until 1991, when it came using Volkswagen control-effectively bringing it inside of the same umbrella as Audi considering that 1945.
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Audi A is a German automobile manufacturer that designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes luxury vehicles. Audi oversees worldwide businesses from its headquarters within Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are manufactured in nine production facilities worldwide.The origins of the company are complex, going back to the early 20th century and the initial enterprises founded by electrical engineer August Horch; and two other manufacturers, leading to the base of Auto Union throughout 1932. The modern era connected with Audi essentially began within the 1960s when Auto Union was acquired by Volkswagen by Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand while using 1965 introduction of this Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Nation with NSU Motorenwerke in 1969, thus creating the present day form of the corporation.The company name is based on the Latin translation from the surname of the president, August Horch. "Horch", meaning "listen" in In german, becomes "audi" in Latina. The four rings in the Audi logo each represent considered one of four car companies that banded together to build Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning "Advancement through Technology". However, since 2007 Audi USA has used the motto "Truth in Engineering". Audi is among the particular best-selling luxury automobiles on earth.
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In 14 November 1899, August Horch (1868-1951) established this company A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld center of Cologne. Three years later inside 1902 he moved along with his company to Reichenbach i'm Vogtland. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded the actual August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company with Zwickau (State involving Saxony).After troubles with Horch key financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke along with founded in Zwickau on 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued him for trademark infringement. The German Reichsgericht (Best Court) in Leipzig, eventually determined that your Horch brand belonged for you to his former company.Audi Type ESince August Horch seemed to be banned from using "Horch" as a trade name in his / her new car business, he called a ending up in close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher coming from Zwickau, Germany. At the apartment involving Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to create a new name for that company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin in the corner of the room. Several times he looks like he was on the actual verge of saying something but would just consume his words and carry on working, until he finally blurted out, "Father - audiatur et altera pars... wouldn't it be a smart idea to call it audi instead of horch? " "Horch! " in German means "Hark! " or "hear", which is "Audi" within the singular imperative form associated with "audire" - "to listen" - within Latin. The idea was graciously accepted by everyone attending the meeting. On 25 April 1910 your Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau (by 1915 on Audiwerke AG Zwickau) was entered from the company's register of Zwickau registration court.The first Audi car or truck, the Audi Type Some sort of 10/22 hp (16 kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in exactly the same year, followed by the heir Type B 10/28PS in the same year.Audi started with some sort of 2, 612 cc inline-four serps model Type A, followed by a 3, 564 cc model, as well as some, 680 cc and 5, 720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sports. The first six-cylinder design Type M, 4, 655 cc appeared in 1924.
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August Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 for just a high position at the ministry of transport, but he was still a part of Audi as a member of the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the 1st German car manufacturer to present a production car, the Audi Type E, with left-handed drive. Left-hand drive spread and established dominance in the 1920s because it provided a greater view of oncoming visitors, making overtaking safer.The merger of the four companies underneath the logo of four ringsIn August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority regarding shares in Audiwerke AG. In the same yr, Rasmussen bought the remains of the U. S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing products for eight-cylinder engines. These engines were used in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models which were launched in 1929. At the same period, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (the "four" having a Peugeot engine) models were manufactured. Audi cars of that era were luxurious cars furnished with special bodywork.In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Union AG, Chemnitz. It was during this period that the company provided the Audi Front that became the initial European car to merge a six-cylinder engine using front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain shared with the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced the front.Before World War II, Auto Union used the four interlinked rings that comprise the Audi badge today, representing these four manufacturers. This badge was utilised, however, only on Auto Union racing cars as period while the member companies used their particular names and emblems. The technological development became an increasing number of concentrated and some Audi models were propelled by Horch or even Wanderer built engines.
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Sending the economic pressures of times, Auto Union concentrated significantly on smaller cars over the 1930s, so that by 1938 send out DKW brand accounted regarding 17. 9% of the German born car market, while Audi held simply 0. 1%. After the final handful of Audis were delivered in 1939 the "Audi" name disappeared completely from the new car market for in excess of two decades.Post-World War IIIFA F9Like most German creation, at the onset connected with World War II the actual Auto Union plants were retooled for military creation, and were a concentrate on for allied bombing over the war which left these individuals damaged.Overrun by the Soviet Affiliate marketer in 1945, on the orders on the Soviet Union military government the factories were dismantled during war reparations. Following this, the company's entire belongings were expropriated without compensation. On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG involving Chemnitz was deleted on the commercial register. These actions had the consequence of liquidating Germany's Vehicle Union AG. The remains of the particular Audi plant of Zwickau grew to be the VEB Automobilwerk Zwickau or maybe AWZ (in British: Automobile Works Zwickau).
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And no prospect of continuing manufacturing in Soviet controlled Distance Germany, Auto Union executives began practise of relocating what was left from the company to West Malaysia. A site was targeted in Ingolstadt, Bavaria to start an extra parts operation in tardy 1945, which would eventually serve since the headquarters of the reformed Auto Union in 1949.The former Audi production line in Zwickau restarted assembly of the pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models was renamed to IFA F8 and IFA F9 and were the same as the West German versions. West and East German models were backed up with the traditional and celebrated DKW two-stroke engines. The Zwickau plant manufactured the infamous Trabant up to the point 1991, when it came below Volkswagen control-effectively bringing it beneath same umbrella as Audi considering the fact that 1945.
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Bentley Power generators Limited (/ˈbɛntli/) is really a British company that styles, develops, and manufactures luxury motorcars that are largely hand-built. It is a part of Volkswagen AG. Now based in Crewe, England, Bentley Motors Limited seemed to be founded by W. O. Bentley on 18 January 1919 in Cricklewood, North London.Bentley cars are distributed via franchised dealers around the world, and as of Late 2012, China was the biggest market.Most Bentley cars are assembled with the Crewe factory, but a small variety of Continental Flying Spurs are assembled with the factory in Dresden, Germany. Bodies for the Continental are manufactured in Zwickau, Germany.Bentley won the twenty four hours of Le Mans within 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, and 2003.
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Iconic Bentley models add the Bentley 4½ Litre, Bentley Speed Six, Bentley R Type Continental, Bentley Turbo R, and Bentley Arnage. As of 2015, Bentley produce the Continental Flying Spur, Continental GT, Bentley Bentayga and this Mulsanne.Rolls-Royce bought Bentley on the receivers in 1931 as well as subsequently sold it to Vickers plc in 1980 when Rolls-Royce themselves went belly up. In 1998, Vickers sold it for you to Volkswagen AG. The sale included the automobile designs, model nameplates, production and administrative facilities, the Spirit of Fervor and Rolls-Royce grille shape trademarks, but not the rights on the Rolls-Royce name or logo that happen to be owned by Rolls-Royce Holdings plc in addition to were licensed to BMW AG.Before World War My partner and i, Walter Owen Bentley, and his brother, Horace Millner Bentley, sold French DFP cars and trucks in Cricklewood, North London, but W. O, as Walter was regarded, always wanted to design and build his own cars. At the DFP manufacturing area, in 1913, he noticed an lightweight aluminum paperweight and thought that aluminum may be a suitable replacement for cast iron to fabricate brighter pistons. The first Bentley aluminum pistons were fitted to Sopwith Camel aero applications during World War My partner and i.In August 1919, W. O. registered Bentley Motors Ltd. and in October he exhibited a motor vehicle chassis, with dummy engine, at the London Motor Show. Ex-Royal Flying Corps official, Clive Gallop, designed an innovative 5 valves per cylinder engine to the chassis. By December the serp was built and jogging. Delivery of the initial cars was scheduled regarding June 1920, but development took longer than estimated so the date was extended for you to September 1921. The durability of the initial Bentley cars earned widespread acclaim and they competed in hill climbs and raced at Brooklands.Bentley's first major celebration was the 1922 Indianapolis 500, a race, dominated by specialized autos with Duesenberg racing framework. They entered a changed road car driven through works driver, Douglas Hawkes, accompanied by riding mechanic, H. S. "Bertie" Browning. Hawkes completed the total 500 miles and finished 13th with the average speed of 74. 95 mph after starting in 19th position. The team was then rushed to England to compete in the 1922 RAC Tourist Trophy.Captain Woolf BarnatoIn ironic reference to his heavyweight boxer's visibility, Captain Woolf Barnato was nicknamed "Babe". In 1925, he acquired his very first Bentley, a 3-litre. With this car he won numerous Brooklands races. Just a year later he acquired the Bentley small business itself.The Bentley enterprise ended up being always underfunded, but inspired by the 1924 Le Mans acquire by John Duff and also Frank Clement, Barnato agreed to fund Bentley's business. Barnato had incorporated Baromans Ltd throughout 1922, which existed as his / her finance and investment vehicle. Via Baromans, Barnato initially invested over £100, 000, saving the business and workforce. A financial reorganisation in the original Bentley company was performed and all existing creditors paid back for £75, 000. Existing shares were devalued from £1 each to just 1 shilling, or 5% or their own original value. Barnato held 149, 500 of the completely new shares giving him control with the company and he started to be chairman. Barnato injected further cash in to the business: £35, 000 secured by debenture in July 1927; £40, 000 in 1928; £25, 000 in 1929. With renewed financial input, W. O. Bentley was able to development another generation of cars and trucks.
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The Bentley Boys were a small grouping of British motoring enthusiasts that will included Woolf Barnato, Sir Henry "Tim" Birkin, steeple chaser George Duller, aviator Glen Kidston, automotive journalist S. C. H. "Sammy" Davis, and Dr Dudley Benjafield. The Bentley Boys, favored Bentley cars. Many were independently wealthy and frequently had a military backdrop. They kept the marque's reputation for good performance alive; Bentley was noted for the four consecutive victories at the 24 Hours of Le Mans from 1927 to help 1930.In 1929, Tim Birkin developed the 4½ litre, lightweight Blower Bentley with Welwyn Garden City and produced five racing specials, starting with Bentley Blower No. 1 which was optimised to the Brooklands racing circuit. Birkin overruled W. O. and put the model on the market before it was fully developed. As a result, it was unreliable.
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Throughout March 1930, during the Blue Prepare Races, Woolf Barnato raised this stakes on Rover as well as Rover Light Six, having raced and beaten Le Train Bleu for once, to better that record in reference to his 6½-litre Bentley Speed Six using a bet of £100. He drove against your train from Cannes in order to Calais, then by ferry to Dover, and finally London, travelling on public highways, and won.
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Barnato went his H. J. Mulliner-bodied formal saloon in the race against the Blue Train. Two months later, on 21 May 1930, he took delivery of your Speed Six with streamlined fastback "Sportsman Coupé" by Gurney Nutting. Both cars became often known as the "Blue Train Bentleys"; the latter is routinely mistaken for, or erroneously referred to as being, the car that competed the Blue Train, while in fact Barnato branded it in memory associated with his race. [19][20] A painting simply by Terence Cuneo depicts the actual Gurney Nutting coupé sporting along a road parallel to the Blue Train, which scenario never occurred for the reason that road and railway didn't follow the same option.
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Aston Martin Lagonda Limited is a British manufacturer of high end sports cars and lavish tourers. It was founded throughout 1913 by Lionel Martin along with Robert Bamford.The firm became linked to luxury grand touring cars from the 1950s and 1960s, and with the fantastic character James Bond following his utilization of a DB5 model from the 1964 film Goldfinger.The company has had a chequered financial history, including bankruptcy in the actual 1970s, but has also enjoyed long periods of success and security, including under the control of David Brown, from 1947 to 1972 and from the Ford Motor Company via 1994 to 2007.In March 2007, a consortium of traders, led by David Richards, purchased 92% of Aston Martin intended for £479 million, with Ford retaining some sort of £40 million stake. David Richards became chairman involving Aston Martin. In December 2012, the Italian private fairness fund Investindustrialsigned a deal to get 37. 5% of Aston Martin, investing £150 million like a capital increase.
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FoundingAston Martin was created in 1913 by Lionel Martin as well as Robert Bamford. The two had signed up with forces as Bamford & Martin the prior year to sell cars produced by Singer from premises within Callow Street, London where they furthermore serviced GWK and Calthorpe motor vehicles. Martin raced specials in Aston Hill near Aston Clinton, and the pair thought i would make their own automobiles. The first car for being named Aston Martin was developed by Martin by fitting a four-cylinder Coventry-Simplex engine towards the chassis of a 1908 Isotta-Fraschini.They acquired premises from Henniker Mews in Kensington and produced their first auto in March 1915. Production could not start because of the outbreak of World Conflict I, and Martin joined the Admiralty and Bamford your Royal Army Service Corps. All machinery was sold towards the Sopwith Aviation Company.Inter war yearsAfter the war, the company was refounded on Abingdon Road, Kensington and a new car made to carry the Aston-Martin name. Bamford left in 1920 as well as the company was revitalised having funding from Count Louis Zborowski. In 1922, Bamford & Martin developed cars to compete in the French Grand Prix, which went on to set world speed and staying power records at Brooklands. Three works Team Vehicles with 16-valve twin cam engines were built regarding racing and record smashing: chassis number 1914, later developed as this Green Pea; chassis number 1915, the Razor Blade file car; and chassis number 1916, later developed as the particular Halford Special.
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Somewhere around 55 cars were built accessible in two configurations, long chassis and short chassis. The company went insolvent in 1924 and has been bought by Lady Charnwood, who put her son John Benson on the board. The company failed again in 1925 and the factory closed in 1926, with Lionel Martin causing.Later that year, Bill Renwick, Augustus (Bert) Bertelli and investors which included Lady Charnwood took control from the company. They renamed it Aston Martin Power generators and moved it to the former Whitehead Aircraft Limited works in Feltham. Renwick and Bertelli ended up in partnership some many years and had developed a great overhead-cam four-cylinder engine employing Renwick's patented combustion slot provided design, which they had tested in the Enfield-Allday chassis. The only "Renwick and also Bertelli" motor car made, it was known as "Buzzbox" nonetheless survives.The pair had planned to market their engine to electric motor manufacturers, but having heard the Aston Martin was not in production realised they may capitalise on its status to jump start the production of any completely new car.Between 1926 and 1937 Bertelli has been both technical director and designer off new Aston Martins, since known as "Bertelli cars". They included the 1½-litre "T-type", "International", "Le Mans", "MKII" and its rushing derivative, the "Ulster", and the 2-litre 15/98 and racing derivative, the "Speed Model". Most were open two-seater athletics cars bodied by Bert Bertelli's brother Enrico (Harry), with a small quantity of long-chassis four-seater tourers, dropheads and saloons furthermore produced.Bertelli was a capable driver keen to contest his cars, one of few owner/manufacturer/drivers. The "LM" team cars and trucks were very successful within national and international powerplant racing including at Le Mans as well as the Mille Miglia.
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Personal problems reappeared in 1932. The company was rescued for just a year by L. Prideaux Brune before passing it through to Sir Arthur Sutherland. In 1936, Aston Martin decided to target road cars, producing just 700 right up until World War II halted work. Production shifted to aircraft components throughout the war.David Brown era1958 Aston Martin DB Level IIIIn 1947, tractor manufacturer David Brown Limited bought the organization under the leadership of managing director Sir Brian Brown-its "post-war saviour". The company also bought Lagonda that year because of its 2. 6-litre W. O. Bentley-designed engine. Both companies shared assets and workshops, leading to the classic "DB" series of cars. In 1950, the company announced this DB2, followed by the DB2/4 within 1953, the DB2/4 MkII with 1955, the DB Mark III in 1957 as well as the Italian-styled 3. 7 L DB4 inside 1958.While these models helped Aston Martin generate a good racing pedigree, the DB4 stood available and yielded the popular DB5 in 1963. The company stayed legitimate to its emerging "grand touring" style with the DB6 (1965-70), and DBS (1967-1972).The six-cylinder engines of those cars from 1954 as much as 1965 were designed simply by Tadek Marek.
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