Audi A is usually a German automobile manufacturer that will designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes luxurious vehicles. Audi oversees worldwide businesses from its headquarters throughout Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are manufactured in nine production facilities worldwide.The origins of the corporation are complex, going back to earlier 20th century and the first enterprises founded by engineer August Horch; and two other companies, leading to the footing of Auto Union inside 1932. The modern era regarding Audi essentially began in the 1960s when Auto Partnership was acquired by Volkswagen from Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand while using the 1965 introduction of your Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Marriage with NSU Motorenwerke with 1969, thus creating the modern-day form of the corporation.The company name will be based upon the Latin translation on the surname of the creator, August Horch. "Horch", meaning "listen" in The german language, becomes "audi" in Latina. The four rings with the Audi logo each represent one of four car companies that banded together to create Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning "Advancement through Technology". However, since 2007 Audi UNITED STATES OF AMERICA has used the saying "Truth in Engineering". Audi is among your best-selling luxury automobiles on the planet.
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In 14 November 1899, August Horch (1868-1951) established the company A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld district of Cologne. Three years later inside 1902 he moved in reference to his company to Reichenbach i'm Vogtland. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded the actual August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company with Zwickau (State regarding Saxony).After troubles with Horch main financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke along with founded in Zwickau upon 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued them for trademark infringement. The German Reichsgericht (Gigantic Court) in Leipzig, eventually determined that this Horch brand belonged for you to his former company.Audi Type ESince August Horch seemed to be banned from using "Horch" as a trade name in their new car business, he called a meeting with close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher from Zwickau, Germany. At the apartment connected with Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to get a new name to the company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin inside a corner of the room. Several times he looked like he was on the particular verge of saying anything but would just ingest his words and proceed working, until he finally blurted out, "Father - audiatur et altera pars... wouldn't it be a good idea to call it audi rather than horch? " "Horch! " in German suggests "Hark! " or "hear", which is "Audi" from the singular imperative form connected with "audire" - "to listen" - in Latin. The idea was graciously accepted by everyone attending the meeting. On 25 April 1910 your Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau (via 1915 on Audiwerke AG Zwickau) was entered from the company's register of Zwickau signing up court.The first Audi automobile, the Audi Type A new 10/22 hp (sixteen kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in identical year, followed by the heir Type B 10/28PS within the same year.Audi started with any 2, 612 cc inline-four serp model Type A, followed by a 3, 564 cc model, as well as some, 680 cc and 5, 720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sporting events. The first six-cylinder product Type M, 4, 655 cc appeared in 1924.
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June Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 to get a high position at the actual ministry of transport, but he was still linked to Audi as a member of the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the 1st German car manufacturer to present a production car, the Audi Type Ok, with left-handed drive. Left-hand drive spread and established dominance throughout the 1920s because it provided an improved view of oncoming visitors, making overtaking safer.The merger of the four companies beneath the logo of four bandsIn August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority regarding shares in Audiwerke AG. In the same 12 months, Rasmussen bought the remains on the U. S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing apparatus for eight-cylinder engines. These engines were utilized in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models which were launched in 1929. At the same occasion, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (the "four" which has a Peugeot engine) types were manufactured. Audi cars of that era were luxurious cars equipped with special bodywork.In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Partnership AG, Chemnitz. It was during this period that the company provided the Audi Front that became the very first European car to merge a six-cylinder engine along with front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain shared with the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced the leading.Before World War II, Auto Union used your four interlinked rings comprise the Audi badge right now, representing these four models. This badge was utilized, however, only on Auto Union racing cars because period while the member companies used their own names and emblems. The technological development became a growing number of concentrated and some Audi designs were propelled by Horch or Wanderer built engines.
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Showing the economic pressures of the time, Auto Union concentrated progressively more on smaller cars throughout the 1930s, so that by 1938 you’re able to send DKW brand accounted for 17. 9% of the German born car market, while Audi held merely 0. 1%. After the final handful of Audis were delivered inside 1939 the "Audi" name disappeared completely from your new car market for more than two decades.Post-World War IIIFA F9Like most German producing, at the onset connected with World War II the particular Auto Union plants have been retooled for military generation, and were a focus on for allied bombing over the war which left these damaged.Overrun by the Soviet Army in 1945, on the orders on the Soviet Union military current administration the factories were dismantled within war reparations. Following this, the company's entire possessions were expropriated without reimbursement. On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG connected with Chemnitz was deleted through the commercial register. These actions had the issue of liquidating Germany's Automotive Union AG. The remains of the particular Audi plant of Zwickau evolved into the VEB Automobilwerk Zwickau or AWZ (in British: Automobile Works Zwickau).
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Without having any prospect of continuing development in Soviet controlled Eastern Germany, Auto Union executives began the process of relocating what was left of the company to West Germany. A site was chosen in Ingolstadt, Bavaria to start a spare parts operation in delayed 1945, which would eventually serve as the headquarters of the reformed Car or truck Union in 1949.The former Audi plant in Zwickau restarted assembly with the pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models was renamed to IFA F8 and even IFA F9 and were just as the West German versions. West and East German models were built with the traditional and renowned DKW two-stroke engines. The Zwickau plant fabricated the infamous Trabant unless 1991, when it came less than Volkswagen control-effectively bringing it under the same umbrella as Audi due to the fact 1945.
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Bentley Motors Limited (/ˈbɛntli/) is really a British company that patterns, develops, and manufactures luxury motorcars that are largely hand-built. It is a additional of Volkswagen AG. Now based in Crewe, England, Bentley Motors Limited was founded by W. O. Bentley on 18 January 1919 in Cricklewood, North London.Bentley cars are marketed via franchised dealers world-wide, and as of Late 2012, China was the major market.Most Bentley cars are assembled for the Crewe factory, but a small amount of Continental Flying Spurs are assembled on the factory in Dresden, Germany. Bodies for the Continental are stated in Zwickau, Germany.Bentley won the one day of Le Mans with 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, and 2003.
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Iconic Bentley models range from the Bentley 4½ Litre, Bentley Speed Six, Bentley R Type Continental, Bentley Turbo R, and Bentley Arnage. As of 2015, Bentley produce the Continental Flying Spur, Continental GT, Bentley Bentayga and your Mulsanne.Rolls-Royce bought Bentley in the receivers in 1931 and subsequently sold it for you to Vickers plc in 1980 as soon as Rolls-Royce themselves went on the rocks. In 1998, Vickers sold it for you to Volkswagen AG. The sale included the car designs, model nameplates, production and administrative services, the Spirit of Euphoria and Rolls-Royce grille appearance trademarks, but not the rights towards the Rolls-Royce name or logo that are owned by Rolls-Royce Holdings plc and also were licensed to BMW AG.Before World War My spouse and i, Walter Owen Bentley, and his brother, Horace Millner Bentley, sold French DFP autos in Cricklewood, North London, but W. O, as Walter was recognized, always wanted to design and build their own cars. At the DFP manufacturing facility, in 1913, he noticed an metal paperweight and thought that aluminum could possibly be a suitable replacement pertaining to cast iron to fabricate brighter pistons. The first Bentley aluminum pistons were suited to Sopwith Camel aero search engines during World War I.In August 1919, W. O. registered Bentley Motors Ltd. and in October he exhibited an auto chassis, with dummy engine, at the London Generator Show. Ex-Royal Flying Corps officer, Clive Gallop, designed an innovative several valves per cylinder engine with the chassis. By December the engine was built and jogging. Delivery of the very first cars was scheduled pertaining to June 1920, but development took longer than estimated therefore the date was extended in order to September 1921. The durability of the initial Bentley cars earned widespread acclaim and so they competed in hill climbs in addition to raced at Brooklands.Bentley's first major affair was the 1922 Indiana 500, a race, dominated by specialized cars with Duesenberg racing framework. They entered a altered road car driven through works driver, Douglas Hawkes, accompanied by riding mechanic, H. S. "Bertie" Browning. Hawkes completed the total 500 miles and finished 13th with an average speed of 74. 95 mph after starting off in 19th position. The team was then rushed here we are at England to compete inside the 1922 RAC Tourist Trophy.Chief Woolf BarnatoIn ironic reference to help his heavyweight boxer's prominence, Captain Woolf Barnato ended up being nicknamed "Babe". In 1925, he acquired his primary Bentley, a 3-litre. With this car he / she won numerous Brooklands races. Just a year later on he acquired the Bentley company itself.The Bentley enterprise has been always underfunded, but inspired by this 1924 Le Mans earn by John Duff along with Frank Clement, Barnato agreed to financial Bentley's business. Barnato had incorporated Baromans Ltd in 1922, which existed as his / her finance and investment vehicle. Via Baromans, Barnato initially invested much more than £100, 000, saving the business and its workforce. A financial reorganisation from the original Bentley company was accomplished and all existing creditors repaid for £75, 000. Existing shares were devalued via £1 each to only 1 shilling, or 5% or the original value. Barnato held 149, 500 of the new shares giving him control from the company and he grew to be chairman. Barnato injected further cash into the business: £35, 000 secured by debenture in July 1927; £40, 000 in 1928; £25, 000 in 1929. With renewed financial feedback, W. O. Bentley was able to create another generation of automobiles.
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This Bentley Boys were a small grouping of British motoring enthusiasts that included Woolf Barnato, Sir Henry "Tim" Birkin, steeple chaser George Duller, aviator Glen Kidston, automotive journalist S. C. H. "Sammy" Davis, and Dr Dudley Benjafield. The Bentley Boys, favored Bentley cars. Many were independently wealthy and frequently had a military backdrop. They kept the marque's reputation for high performance alive; Bentley was noted due to the four consecutive victories with the 24 Hours of The Mans from 1927 for you to 1930.In 1929, Tim Birkin developed your 4½ litre, lightweight Blower Bentley with Welwyn Garden City as well as produced five racing deals, starting with Bentley Blowing apparatus No. 1 which was optimised for your Brooklands racing circuit. Birkin overruled W. O. and put the model on the market before it was entirely developed. As a result, it was unreliable.
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In March 1930, during the Blue Prepare Races, Woolf Barnato raised this stakes on Rover as well as Rover Light Six, having raced and defeated Le Train Bleu for the first time, to better that record in reference to his 6½-litre Bentley Speed Six with a bet of £100. He drove against the particular train from Cannes to be able to Calais, then by ferry to Dover, and finally London, travelling on public freeways, and won.
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Barnato had his H. J. Mulliner-bodied formal saloon within the race against the Azure Train. Two months later, on 21 May 1930, he took delivery of the Speed Six with efficient fastback "Sportsman Coupé" by means of Gurney Nutting. Both cars became known as the "Blue Train Bentleys"; the latter is often mistaken for, or erroneously referred to as being, the car that competed the Blue Train, while in fact Barnato branded it in memory of his race. [19][20] A painting by Terence Cuneo depicts the particular Gurney Nutting coupé sporting along a road parallel for the Blue Train, which scenario never occurred for the reason that road and railway wouldn't follow the same option.
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Aston Martin Lagonda Limited is a British manufacturer of high end sports cars and grand tourers. It was founded within 1913 by Lionel Martin in addition to Robert Bamford.The firm became regarding luxury grand touring cars inside 1950s and 1960s, and with the imaginary character James Bond following his usage of a DB5 model inside 1964 film Goldfinger.The company has had a chequered financial history, including bankruptcy in the actual 1970s, but has also enjoyed very long periods of success and stableness, including under the possession of David Brown, from 1947 to 1972 and of the Ford Motor Company by 1994 to 2007.In March 2007, a consortium of shareholders, led by David Richards, purchased 92% of Aston Martin regarding £479 million, with Ford retaining some sort of £40 million stake. David Richards became chairman of Aston Martin. In December 2012, the Italian private equity fund Investindustrialsigned a deal to acquire 37. 5% of Aston Martin, investing £150 million to be a capital increase.
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FoundingAston Martin was set up in 1913 by Lionel Martin along with Robert Bamford. The two had registered forces as Bamford & Martin the prior year to sell cars made by Singer from premises throughout Callow Street, London where they in addition serviced GWK and Calthorpe automobiles. Martin raced specials from Aston Hill near Aston Clinton, and the pair thought we would make their own autos. The first car to become named Aston Martin was developed by Martin by fitted a four-cylinder Coventry-Simplex engine for the chassis of a 1908 Isotta-Fraschini.They acquired premises in Henniker Mews in Kensington and also produced their first vehicle in March 1915. Production could not start due to the outbreak of World Struggle I, and Martin joined the actual Admiralty and Bamford the particular Royal Army Service Corps. All machinery was sold to the Sopwith Aviation Company.Inter war yearsAfter the war, the company was refounded at Abingdon Road, Kensington and a new car created to carry the Aston-Martin identify. Bamford left in 1920 as well as the company was revitalised along with funding from Count Louis Zborowski. In 1922, Bamford & Martin generated cars to compete in the French Grand Prix, which went on to set world speed and strength records at Brooklands. Three works Team Vehicles with 16-valve twin cam engines were built for racing and record splitting: chassis number 1914, later developed as the particular Green Pea; chassis number 1915, the Razor Blade file car; and chassis number 1916, later developed as the actual Halford Special.
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Somewhere around 55 cars were built for sale in two configurations, long chassis and brief chassis. The company went belly up in 1924 and has been bought by Lady Charnwood, who put her son John Benson on the board. The company failed again in 1925 as well as the factory closed in 1926, with Lionel Martin making.Later that year, Bill Renwick, Augustus (Bert) Bertelli and investors which included Lady Charnwood took control from the company. They renamed it Aston Martin Power generators and moved it to the former Whitehead Aircraft Minimal works in Feltham. Renwick and Bertelli have been in partnership some a long time and had developed a great overhead-cam four-cylinder engine making use of Renwick's patented combustion appropriate slot design, which they had tested in an Enfield-Allday chassis. The only "Renwick and Bertelli" motor car produced, it was known as "Buzzbox" and still survives.The pair had planned to market their engine to electric motor manufacturers, but having heard the Aston Martin was no longer in production realised they may capitalise on its popularity to jump start the production of the completely new car.Between 1926 and 1937 Bertelli ended up being both technical director and designer of all new Aston Martins, since known as "Bertelli cars". They included the 1½-litre "T-type", "International", "Le Mans", "MKII" and its rushing derivative, the "Ulster", and the 2-litre 15/98 and its particular racing derivative, the "Speed Model". Most were open two-seater sports activities cars bodied by Bert Bertelli's sibling Enrico (Harry), with a small quantity of long-chassis four-seater tourers, dropheads and saloons in addition produced.Bertelli was a qualified driver keen to ethnic background his cars, one of few owner/manufacturer/drivers. The "LM" team cars were very successful with national and international powerplant racing including at Le Mans plus the Mille Miglia.
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Personal problems reappeared in 1932. The company was rescued for just a year by L. Prideaux Brune before passing it to Sir Arthur Sutherland. In 1936, Aston Martin decided to concentrate on road cars, producing just 700 right up until World War II quit work. Production shifted to aircraft components through the war.David Brown era1958 Aston Martin DB Mark IIIIn 1947, tractor manufacturer David Brown Limited bought the business under the leadership associated with managing director Sir David Brown-its "post-war saviour". The company also acquired Lagonda that year to its 2. 6-litre W. O. Bentley-designed engine. Both companies shared methods and workshops, leading to the classic "DB" group of cars. In 1950, the company announced the actual DB2, followed by the DB2/4 throughout 1953, the DB2/4 MkII within 1955, the DB Mark III in 1957 as well as the Italian-styled 3. 7 L DB4 inside 1958.While these models helped Aston Martin set up a good racing pedigree, the DB4 stood out there and yielded the well-known DB5 in 1963. The company stayed accurate to its emerging "grand touring" style while using the DB6 (1965-70), and DBS (1967-1972).The six-cylinder engines these cars from 1954 around 1965 were designed by simply Tadek Marek.
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