Benetton Formula Ltd., commonly referred to purely as Benetton, was a Formula One particular constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001. The team was owned with the Benetton family who run an international chain of clothing stores from the same name. In 2000 the staff was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton for that 2000 and 2001 months. In 2002 the team became Renault F1.The Benetton Group entered Formula One being a sponsor company for Tyrrell throughout 1983, then Alfa Romeo with 1984 and 1985 and finally Toleman in 1985. Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the finish of 1985 when your Toleman team was sold on the Benetton family. The team began with BMW engines after which later switched to Ford then Renault and lastly Playlife.
1994 Ferrari Formula 1 Car hnczcyw.com
This team was managed by means of Flavio Briatore from 1990 until finally 1997. In about 1991, TWR acquired a one-third stake inside team, bringing in Tom Walkinshaw and Ross Brawn to own the engineering operations. Rocco Benetton, the youngest son associated with Luciano Benetton joined the team as Leader in 1998 and terminated Briatore. He replaced him using Prodrive boss David Richards, who lasted only for the year when he way too was fired, due to a disagreement using the Benetton family about potential strategy. Following Richards' departure, Rocco Benetton managed the team for four years until its sale to Renault.The Benetton team is best known for its achievement with Michael Schumacher, who accounts for 19 on the team's 27 career wins and their 2 drivers' competition. After switching to Renault engines, they also won the constructor's championship in 1995 with Schumacher and Johnny Herbert. After 1995, Schumacher moved to Ferrari together with Ross Brawn, Rory Byrne and 11 some other key figures from his two championship winning periods with Benetton.
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Upon March 16, 2000, the team was marketed to Renault for $120 trillion US. As part of the restructuring, Renault brought back Flavio Briatore because team manager. The team still utilized the Playlife engines (even though descended from Renault motors) that they been using for the last two years. The drivers were Giancarlo Fisichella and also Alexander Wurz. The team scored 20 items, as well as 3 podium coatings in 2000 at Brazilian, Monaco and Canada.During their final time of year in 2001 the people, Jenson Button and Giancarlo Fisichella, were often on a corner two rows of this grid. This was in part attributed to the new 111-degree wide angle engine. But continued development authorized Benetton to leave System 1 on something of an high, and the cars' functionality lifted. Button and Fisichella scored 10 points for the team, including a podium finish off for Fisichella in Belgium.
Michael Schumacher’s Launch Control System
Through the 1994 season, some rival teams stated Benetton had found methods to violate the FIA-imposed bar on electronic aids, including traction control along with launch control. On investigation, the FIA discovered "start sequence" (start control) software from the Benetton B194 cars, and a variety involving illegal software in rival teams' cars also. FIA had no evidence it was ever used, so teams found using the software received little for you to no punishment. No traction control software was found to be in the Benetton cars, however. Flavio Briatore, Benetton's chief in 1994, said in 2001 of which "Our only mistake was that during the time we were too young the ones were suspicious".
was the early 1994 pacesetter, but were Benetton bending the rules
Over the 1994 season Benetton removed a fuel filter on the refueling rig used while in pit stops. This may have generated a fire that happened during Jos Verstappen's 1st pitstop at Hockenheim. This resulted in further inquiries by the FIA, during which, the refuelling rig manufacturer clarified that in their opinion the modification could have resulted in 10% higher flow rates compared to the rules allowed[citation needed]. Again the team proceeded to go without substantial punishment.
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Benetton Solution Ltd., commonly referred to purely as Benetton, was a Formula A single constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001. The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores of the same name. In 2000 the staff was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton for the 2000 and 2001 periods. In 2002 the workforce became Renault F1.The Benetton Group entered Formula One to be a sponsor company for Tyrrell within 1983, then Alfa Romeo within 1984 and 1985 and lastly Toleman in 1985. Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the finish of 1985 when the Toleman team was sold towards the Benetton family. The team began with BMW engines and later switched to Ford then Renault and lastly Playlife.
Lightweight Etype This crashed later in the day with some bodywork
The team was managed by means of Flavio Briatore from 1990 until finally 1997. In about 1991, TWR acquired a one-third stake in the team, bringing in Tom Walkinshaw and Ross Brawn to perform the engineering operations. Rocco Benetton, the youngest son associated with Luciano Benetton joined the team as Leader in 1998 and fired Briatore. He replaced him together with Prodrive boss David Richards, who lasted only for the year when he as well was fired, due to a disagreement with the Benetton family about long term strategy. Following Richards' departure, Rocco Benetton managed the team for 3 years until its sale to help Renault.The Benetton team is better known for its accomplishment with Michael Schumacher, who accounts for 19 of the team's 27 career advantages and their 2 drivers' titles. After switching to Renault machines, they also won your constructor's championship in 1995 along with Schumacher and Johnny Herbert. After 1995, Schumacher moved to Ferrari in conjunction with Ross Brawn, Rory Byrne and 11 different key figures from his or her two championship winning periods with Benetton.
Winterjassen
With March 16, 2000, the team was marketed to Renault for $120 thousand US. As part of their particular restructuring, Renault brought back Flavio Briatore because team manager. The team still utilized the Playlife engines (though descended from Renault motors) they'd been using for the last two years. The drivers were Giancarlo Fisichella and also Alexander Wurz. The team scored 20 items, as well as 3 podium surface finishes in 2000 at Brazilian, Monaco and Canada.During their final season in 2001 the drivers, Jenson Button and Giancarlo Fisichella, were often on the spine two rows of the grid. This was in part caused by the new 111-degree vast angle engine. But continued development helped Benetton to leave System 1 on something of the high, and the cars' performance lifted. Button and Fisichella scored 10 points for the team, including a podium end for Fisichella in Belgium.
, Bogner Fire + Ice, Spyder, TOM TAILOR, BRUNOTTI, QUIKSILVER, Cars
Throughout the 1994 season, some rival teams advertised Benetton had found ways to violate the FIA-imposed prohibit on electronic aids, including traction control in addition to launch control. On investigation, the FIA discovered "start sequence" (introduction control) software within the Benetton B194 cars, and a variety of illegal software in rival teams' cars at the same time. FIA had no evidence the application was ever used, so teams found while using software received little to no punishment. No traction control software was found to stay the Benetton cars, however. Flavio Briatore, Benetton's chief in 1994, said in 2001 which "Our only mistake was that back then we were too young and the wonderful were suspicious".
, Bogner Fire + Ice, Spyder, TOM TAILOR, BRUNOTTI, QUIKSILVER, Cars
Through the 1994 season Benetton taken off a fuel filter on the refueling rig used during pit stops. This may have resulted in a fire that came about during Jos Verstappen's very first pitstop at Hockenheim. This resulted in further inquiries from the FIA, during which, the refuelling rig manufacturer clarified that in their opinion the modification might have resulted in 10% higher flow rates versus rules allowed[citation needed]. Again the team journeyed without substantial punishment.
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Bentley Motors Limited (/ˈbɛntli/) is really a British company that patterns, develops, and manufactures luxury motorcars that happen to be largely hand-built. It is a part of Volkswagen AG. Now based in Crewe, England, Bentley Motors Limited has been founded by W. O. Bentley on 18 Economy is shown 1919 in Cricklewood, North London.Bentley cars are distributed via franchised dealers around the world, and as of December 2012, China was the major market.Most Bentley cars are assembled in the Crewe factory, but a small quantity of Continental Flying Spurs are assembled with the factory in Dresden, Germany. Bodies for the Continental are manufactured in Zwickau, Germany.Bentley won the twenty four hours of Le Mans with 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, and 2003.
Bentley Speed Six 39;Blue Train Coupe39; Chassis: HM2855 Entrant
Iconic Bentley models range from the Bentley 4½ Litre, Bentley Speed Six, Bentley R Type Ls, Bentley Turbo R, and Bentley Arnage. As of 2015, Bentley produce the Ls Flying Spur, Continental GT, Bentley Bentayga and this Mulsanne.Rolls-Royce bought Bentley on the receivers in 1931 and subsequently sold it for you to Vickers plc in 1980 when Rolls-Royce themselves went on the rocks. In 1998, Vickers sold it in order to Volkswagen AG. The sale included the automobile designs, model nameplates, production and administrative amenities, the Spirit of Ecstasy and Rolls-Royce grille shape trademarks, but not the rights towards Rolls-Royce name or logo that are owned by Rolls-Royce Holdings plc and also were licensed to BMW AG.Before World War My partner and i, Walter Owen Bentley, and his brother, Horace Millner Bentley, sold French DFP automobiles in Cricklewood, North London, but W. O, as Walter was regarded, always wanted to design and build their own cars. At the DFP manufacturing plant, in 1913, he noticed an metal paperweight and thought that aluminum could be a suitable replacement intended for cast iron to fabricate brighter pistons. The first Bentley aluminum pistons were suited to Sopwith Camel aero motors during World War My partner and i.In August 1919, W. O. registered Bentley Motors Ltd. and in October he exhibited a car chassis, with dummy engine, at the London Powerplant Show. Ex-Royal Flying Corps specialist, Clive Gallop, designed an innovative 5 valves per cylinder engine to the chassis. By December the powerplant was built and operating. Delivery of the 1st cars was scheduled for June 1920, but development took longer than estimated and so the date was extended for you to September 1921. The durability of the 1st Bentley cars earned widespread acclaim and they also competed in hill climbs along with raced at Brooklands.Bentley's first major event was the 1922 Indiana 500, a race, dominated by specialized vehicles with Duesenberg racing chassis. They entered a revised road car driven by simply works driver, Douglas Hawkes, accompanied by riding auto technician, H. S. "Bertie" Browning. Hawkes completed the total 500 miles and finished 13th by having an average speed of 74. 95 mph after starting in 19th position. The team was then rushed here we are at England to compete inside 1922 RAC Tourist Trophy.Captain Woolf BarnatoIn ironic reference to help his heavyweight boxer's size, Captain Woolf Barnato had been nicknamed "Babe". In 1925, he acquired his very first Bentley, a 3-litre. With this car this individual won numerous Brooklands backrounds. Just a year in the future he acquired the Bentley company itself.The Bentley enterprise ended up being always underfunded, but inspired by the actual 1924 Le Mans earn by John Duff along with Frank Clement, Barnato agreed to money Bentley's business. Barnato had incorporated Baromans Ltd in 1922, which existed as the finance and investment automobile. Via Baromans, Barnato initially invested well over £100, 000, saving the business and workforce. A financial reorganisation on the original Bentley company was completed and all existing creditors paid for £75, 000. Existing shares were devalued by £1 each to only 1 shilling, or 5% or their original value. Barnato held 149, 500 of the completely new shares giving him control on the company and he grew to be chairman. Barnato injected further cash into your business: £35, 000 secured by debenture within July 1927; £40, 000 in 1928; £25, 000 in 1929. With renewed financial input, W. O. Bentley was able to design another generation of vehicles.
Your Bentley Boys were several British motoring enthusiasts that will included Woolf Barnato, Sir Henry "Tim" Birkin, steeple chaser George Duller, aviator Glen Kidston, automotive journalist S. C. H. "Sammy" Davis, and Dr Dudley Benjafield. The Bentley Boys, favored Bentley cars. Many were independently wealthy and infrequently had a military qualifications. They kept the marque's reputation for high end alive; Bentley was noted because of its four consecutive victories at the 24 Hours of The Mans from 1927 to 1930.In 1929, Tim Birkin developed the 4½ litre, lightweight Blower Bentley with Welwyn Garden City as well as produced five racing specials, starting with Bentley Motorized inflator No. 1 which was optimised for the Brooklands racing circuit. Birkin overruled W. O. and put the model out there before it was entirely developed. As a result, it was unreliable.
Car And Driver
In March 1930, during the Blue Train Races, Woolf Barnato raised the actual stakes on Rover and it is Rover Light Six, having raced and beaten Le Train Bleu for the very first time, to better that record with his 6½-litre Bentley Speed Six over a bet of £100. He drove against the actual train from Cannes for you to Calais, then by ferry to be able to Dover, and finally London, travelling on public highways, and won.
Concept Hints At Potential Bentley Sports Car: Live Photos And Video
Barnato had his H. J. Mulliner-bodied formal saloon from the race against the Violet Train. Two months later, on 21 May 1930, he took delivery of the Speed Six with sleek fastback "Sportsman Coupé" simply by Gurney Nutting. Both cars became called the "Blue Train Bentleys"; the latter is regularly mistaken for, or erroneously referred to to be, the car that competed the Blue Train, while in fact Barnato called it in memory of his race. [19][20] A painting by means of Terence Cuneo depicts the Gurney Nutting coupé auto racing along a road parallel towards Blue Train, which scenario never occurred because road and railway didn't follow the same course.
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Benetton Method Ltd., commonly referred to simply as Benetton, was a Formula 1 constructor that participated coming from 1986 to 2001. The team was owned with the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores in the same name. In 2000 the crew was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton for your 2000 and 2001 conditions. In 2002 the crew became Renault F1.The Benetton Group entered Formula One being a sponsor company for Tyrrell within 1983, then Alfa Romeo with 1984 and 1985 and lastly Toleman in 1985. Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the finish of 1985 when your Toleman team was sold towards the Benetton family. The team began with BMW engines after which it later switched to Ford then Renault last but not least Playlife.
Speculation heightened that Mansell would return to F1 from Indycar
The team was managed by Flavio Briatore from 1990 till 1997. In about 1991, TWR acquired a one-third stake within the team, bringing in Tom Walkinshaw and Ross Brawn to perform the engineering operations. Rocco Benetton, the youngest son regarding Luciano Benetton joined the team as Chief executive in 1998 and dismissed Briatore. He replaced him together with Prodrive boss David Richards, who lasted only for just a year when he far too was fired, due to a disagreement while using Benetton family about foreseeable future strategy. Following Richards' departure, Rocco Benetton managed the team for 36 months until its sale for you to Renault.The Benetton team is the most suitable known for its achievements with Michael Schumacher, who accounts for 19 of the team's 27 career wins and their 2 drivers' competition. After switching to Renault applications, they also won the particular constructor's championship in 1995 together with Schumacher and Johnny Herbert. After 1995, Schumacher moved to Ferrari as well as Ross Brawn, Rory Byrne and 11 various other key figures from his / her two championship winning seasons with Benetton.
Michael Schumacher 1995 Benetton Formula LTD. http://upload
With March 16, 2000, the team was sold to Renault for $120 million US. As part of the restructuring, Renault brought back Flavio Briatore as team manager. The team still employed the Playlife engines (despite the fact that descended from Renault motors) they'd been using during the last two years. The drivers were Giancarlo Fisichella in addition to Alexander Wurz. The team scored 20 items, as well as 3 podium surface finishes in 2000 at Brazilian, Monaco and Canada.During their final time in 2001 the people, Jenson Button and Giancarlo Fisichella, were often on the trunk two rows of your grid. This was in part related to the new 111-degree large angle engine. But continued development authorized Benetton to leave Method 1 on something of your high, and the cars' performance lifted. Button and Fisichella scored 10 points with the team, including a podium end for Fisichella in Belgium.
1994, Part 2: Claims of cheating fly as Formula 1 tries to rebuild
Through the 1994 season, some rival teams advertised Benetton had found a method to violate the FIA-imposed ban on electronic aids, including traction control and also launch control. On investigation, the FIA discovered "start sequence" (start control) software inside Benetton B194 cars, and a variety involving illegal software in rival teams' cars too. FIA had no evidence the program was ever used, so teams found while using the software received little to no punishment. No traction control software was found to stay the Benetton cars, however. Flavio Briatore, Benetton's chief in 1994, said in 2001 which "Our only mistake was that back then we were too young and the ones were suspicious".
The Benetton’s electronics were a bone of contention in 1994. Source
During the 1994 season Benetton taken away a fuel filter on the refueling rig used during pit stops. This may have generated a fire that was held during Jos Verstappen's initial pitstop at Hockenheim. This resulted in further inquiries through the FIA, during which, the refuelling rig manufacturer clarified that in their opinion the modification would've resulted in 10% higher flow rates versus rules allowed[citation needed]. Again the team travelled without substantial punishment.
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Aston Martin Lagonda Limited can be a British manufacturer of luxury sports cars and awesome tourers. It was founded within 1913 by Lionel Martin and also Robert Bamford.The firm became related to luxury grand touring cars inside 1950s and 1960s, and with the imaginary character James Bond following his usage of a DB5 model from the 1964 film Goldfinger.The company has had a chequered credit history, including bankruptcy in your 1970s, but has also enjoyed long stretches of success and stability, including under the title of David Brown, from 1947 to 1972 and with the Ford Motor Company by 1994 to 2007.In March 2007, a consortium of investors, led by David Richards, purchased 92% of Aston Martin intended for £479 million, with Ford retaining some sort of £40 million stake. David Richards became chairman connected with Aston Martin. In December 2012, the Italian private equity fund Investindustrialsigned a deal to purchase 37. 5% of Aston Martin, investing £150 million as a capital increase.
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FoundingAston Martin was created in 1913 by Lionel Martin in addition to Robert Bamford. The two had joined forces as Bamford & Martin the last year to sell cars manufactured by Singer from premises inside Callow Street, London where they also serviced GWK and Calthorpe motor vehicles. Martin raced specials at Aston Hill near Aston Clinton, and the pair made a decision to make their own cars. The first car to become named Aston Martin was made by Martin by appropriate a four-cylinder Coventry-Simplex engine towards the chassis of a 1908 Isotta-Fraschini.They acquired premises on Henniker Mews in Kensington along with produced their first vehicle in March 1915. Production could not start as a result of outbreak of World Conflict I, and Martin joined the actual Admiralty and Bamford the actual Royal Army Service Corps. All machinery was sold for the Sopwith Aviation Company.Inter war yearsAfter the war, the company was refounded in Abingdon Road, Kensington and a new car created to carry the Aston-Martin label. Bamford left in 1920 plus the company was revitalised together with funding from Count Louis Zborowski. In 1922, Bamford & Martin made cars to compete inside the French Grand Prix, which went on to put world speed and staying power records at Brooklands. Three works Team Autos with 16-valve twin cam engines were built for racing and record busting: chassis number 1914, later developed as the actual Green Pea; chassis number 1915, the Razor Blade file car; and chassis number 1916, later developed as the Halford Special.
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Somewhere around 55 cars were built accessible in two configurations, long chassis and brief chassis. The company went on the rocks in 1924 and had been bought by Lady Charnwood, who put her son John Benson within the board. The company failed again in 1925 as well as the factory closed in 1926, with Lionel Martin making.Later that year, Bill Renwick, Augustus (Bert) Bertelli and investors which included Lady Charnwood took control with the company. They renamed it Aston Martin Power generators and moved it to the former Whitehead Aircraft Limited works in Feltham. Renwick and Bertelli had been in partnership some many years and had developed a overhead-cam four-cylinder engine making use of Renwick's patented combustion slot provided design, which they had tested in a Enfield-Allday chassis. The only "Renwick and also Bertelli" motor car built, it was known as "Buzzbox" and still survives.The pair had planned to offer their engine to generator manufacturers, but having heard how the Aston Martin was no longer in production realised they may capitalise on its status to jump start the production of your completely new car.Between 1926 and 1937 Bertelli seemed to be both technical director and designer off new Aston Martins, since known as "Bertelli cars". They included the 1½-litre "T-type", "International", "Le Mans", "MKII" and its racing derivative, the "Ulster", and the 2-litre 15/98 as well as racing derivative, the "Speed Model". Most were open two-seater sporting activities cars bodied by Bert Bertelli's pal Enrico (Harry), with a small number of long-chassis four-seater tourers, dropheads and saloons likewise produced.Bertelli was a skilled driver keen to race his cars, one of few owner/manufacturer/drivers. The "LM" team vehicles were very successful throughout national and international generator racing including at Le Mans as well as the Mille Miglia.
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Personal problems reappeared in 1932. The company was rescued to get a year by L. Prideaux Brune before passing it onto Sir Arthur Sutherland. In 1936, Aston Martin decided to focus on road cars, producing just 700 until eventually World War II stopped work. Production shifted to aircraft components throughout the war.David Brown era1958 Aston Martin DB Level IIIIn 1947, tractor manufacturer David Brown Limited bought the organization under the leadership associated with managing director Sir Jesse Brown-its "post-war saviour". The company also purchased Lagonda that year due to the 2. 6-litre W. O. Bentley-designed engine. Both companies shared methods and workshops, leading to the classic "DB" compilation of cars. In 1950, the company announced the DB2, followed by the DB2/4 inside 1953, the DB2/4 MkII in 1955, the DB Mark III in 1957 as well as the Italian-styled 3. 7 L DB4 within 1958.While these models helped Aston Martin establish a good racing pedigree, the DB4 stood out and about and yielded the well-known DB5 in 1963. The company stayed legitimate to its emerging "grand touring" style while using DB6 (1965-70), and DBS (1967-1972).The six-cylinder engines of these cars from 1954 approximately 1965 were designed by simply Tadek Marek.
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Bentley Motors Limited (/ˈbɛntli/) is often a British company that styles, develops, and manufactures luxury motorcars which are largely hand-built. It is a subsidiary of Volkswagen AG. Now based in Crewe, England, Bentley Motors Limited seemed to be founded by W. O. Bentley on 18 January 1919 in Cricklewood, North London.Bentley cars are distributed via franchised dealers world-wide, and as of December 2012, China was the greatest market.Most Bentley cars are assembled for the Crewe factory, but a small variety of Continental Flying Spurs are assembled with the factory in Dresden, Germany. Bodies for the Continental are produced in Zwickau, Germany.Bentley won the 24 hours of Le Mans within 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, and 2003.
Bentley Motors has a history full of turns and twists and quite an
Iconic Bentley models add the Bentley 4½ Litre, Bentley Speed Six, Bentley R Type Continental, Bentley Turbo R, and Bentley Arnage. As of 2015, Bentley produce the Continental Flying Spur, Continental GT, Bentley Bentayga and the particular Mulsanne.Rolls-Royce bought Bentley through the receivers in 1931 and subsequently sold it to help Vickers plc in 1980 any time Rolls-Royce themselves went broke. In 1998, Vickers sold it to help Volkswagen AG. The sale included your vehicle designs, model nameplates, production and administrative amenities, the Spirit of Inspiration and Rolls-Royce grille appearance trademarks, but not the rights on the Rolls-Royce name or logo which are owned by Rolls-Royce Holdings plc and were licensed to BMW AG.Before World War We, Walter Owen Bentley, and his brother, Horace Millner Bentley, sold French DFP cars and trucks in Cricklewood, North London, but W. O, as Walter was identified, always wanted to design and build his own cars. At the DFP manufacturer, in 1913, he noticed an aluminium paperweight and thought that aluminum may very well be a suitable replacement intended for cast iron to fabricate brighter pistons. The first Bentley aluminum pistons were suited to Sopwith Camel aero engines during World War When i.In August 1919, W. O. registered Bentley Motors Ltd. and in October he exhibited a vehicle chassis, with dummy engine, at the London Electric motor Show. Ex-Royal Flying Corps official, Clive Gallop, designed an innovative four valves per cylinder engine with the chassis. By December the engine was built and jogging. Delivery of the initial cars was scheduled with regard to June 1920, but development took longer than estimated hence the date was extended for you to September 1921. The durability of the primary Bentley cars earned widespread acclaim and they also competed in hill climbs and raced at Brooklands.Bentley's first major occasion was the 1922 Indiana 500, a race, dominated by specialized automobiles with Duesenberg racing framework. They entered a altered road car driven by simply works driver, Douglas Hawkes, accompanied by riding auto mechanic, H. S. "Bertie" Browning. Hawkes completed the whole 500 miles and finished 13th with the average speed of 74. 95 mph after beginning in 19th position. The team was then rushed here we are at England to compete from the 1922 RAC Tourist Trophy.Chief Woolf BarnatoIn ironic reference for you to his heavyweight boxer's prominence, Captain Woolf Barnato has been nicknamed "Babe". In 1925, he acquired his primary Bentley, a 3-litre. With this car he won numerous Brooklands races. Just a year in the future he acquired the Bentley organization itself.The Bentley enterprise had been always underfunded, but inspired by the actual 1924 Le Mans gain by John Duff and Frank Clement, Barnato agreed to fund Bentley's business. Barnato had incorporated Baromans Ltd throughout 1922, which existed as the finance and investment automobile. Via Baromans, Barnato initially invested much more than £100, 000, saving the business and its particular workforce. A financial reorganisation with the original Bentley company was carried out and all existing creditors repaid for £75, 000. Existing shares were devalued coming from £1 each to just 1 shilling, or 5% or their particular original value. Barnato held 149, 500 of the completely new shares giving him control on the company and he evolved into chairman. Barnato injected further cash into the business: £35, 000 secured by debenture inside July 1927; £40, 000 in 1928; £25, 000 in 1929. With renewed financial feedback, W. O. Bentley was able to create another generation of automobiles.
Bentley Mulsanne Colors, 31 Bentley Mulsanne Car Colours Available in
The particular Bentley Boys were several British motoring enthusiasts that included Woolf Barnato, Sir Henry "Tim" Birkin, steeple chaser George Duller, aviator Glen Kidston, automotive journalist S. C. H. "Sammy" Davis, and Dr Dudley Benjafield. The Bentley Boys, favored Bentley cars. Many were independently wealthy and infrequently had a military qualifications. They kept the marque's reputation for high performance alive; Bentley was noted because of its four consecutive victories with the 24 Hours of Le Mans from 1927 to help 1930.In 1929, Tim Birkin developed your 4½ litre, lightweight Blower Bentley from Welwyn Garden City and produced five racing special offers, starting with Bentley Motorized inflator No. 1 which was optimised with the Brooklands racing circuit. Birkin overruled W. O. and put the model in the marketplace before it was completely developed. As a result, it was unreliable.
1948 Bentley Mark VI 4652 for sale Classic car ad from
With March 1930, during the Blue Prepare Races, Woolf Barnato raised the actual stakes on Rover and it is Rover Light Six, having raced and usual Le Train Bleu for the very first time, to better that record along with his 6½-litre Bentley Speed Six using a bet of £100. He drove against this train from Cannes for you to Calais, then by ferry to help Dover, and finally London, travelling on public highways, and won.
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Barnato owned his H. J. Mulliner-bodied formal saloon inside the race against the Orange Train. Two months later, on 21 May 1930, he took delivery of a Speed Six with efficient fastback "Sportsman Coupé" through Gurney Nutting. Both cars became generally known as the "Blue Train Bentleys"; the latter is frequently mistaken for, or erroneously referred to as being, the car that ran the Blue Train, while in fact Barnato known as it in memory regarding his race. [19][20] A painting by means of Terence Cuneo depicts your Gurney Nutting coupé auto racing along a road parallel for the Blue Train, which scenario never occurred because the road and railway did not follow the same option.
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Audi A is a German automobile manufacturer that will designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes high-class vehicles. Audi oversees worldwide surgical procedures from its headquarters throughout Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are produced in nine production facilities world-wide.The origins of the business are complex, going back to earlier 20th century and the initial enterprises founded by industrial engineer August Horch; and two other makers, leading to the footing of Auto Union inside 1932. The modern era regarding Audi essentially began in the 1960s when Auto Unification was acquired by Volkswagen coming from Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand while using the 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Union with NSU Motorenwerke inside 1969, thus creating the current day form of the firm.The company name is founded on the Latin translation of the surname of the founder, August Horch. "Horch", meaning "listen" in German born, becomes "audi" in Latina. The four rings in the Audi logo each represent certainly one of four car companies that banded together to generate Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning "Advancement through Technology". However, since 2007 Audi UNITED STATES OF AMERICA has used the slogan "Truth in Engineering". Audi is among the actual best-selling luxury automobiles on the globe.
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On 14 November 1899, August Horch (1868-1951) established this company A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld region of Cologne. Three years later with 1902 he moved with his company to Reichenbach i'm Vogtland. On May, 10th, 1904 he founded the actual August Horch & Cie. Motorwagenwerke AG, a joint-stock company with Zwickau (State connected with Saxony).After troubles with Horch chief financial officer, August Horch left Motorwagenwerke in addition to founded in Zwickau in 16 July 1909, his second company, the August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. His former partners sued your pet for trademark infringement. The German Reichsgericht (Better Court) in Leipzig, eventually determined that your Horch brand belonged in order to his former company.Audi Type ESince August Horch ended up being banned from using "Horch" as being a trade name in the new car business, he called a meeting with close business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher coming from Zwickau, Germany. At the apartment associated with Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to create a new name for the company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin in a corner of the area. Several times he appeared to be he was on this verge of saying something but would just ingest his words and carry on working, until he finally blurted away, "Father - audiatur et altera pars... wouldn't it be best if you call it audi rather then horch? " "Horch! " in German indicates "Hark! " or "hear", which is "Audi" inside the singular imperative form of "audire" - "to listen" - within Latin. The idea was readily accepted by everyone participating in the meeting. On 25 April 1910 your Audi Automobilwerke GmbH Zwickau (from 1915 on Audiwerke AG Zwickau) was entered from the company's register of Zwickau sign up court.The first Audi automobile, the Audi Type The 10/22 hp (16 kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in a similar year, followed by the successor Type B 10/28PS within the same year.Audi started with some sort of 2, 612 cc inline-four serps model Type A, followed by a 3, 564 cc model, as well as 4, 680 cc and 5, 720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sports. The first six-cylinder style Type M, 4, 655 cc appeared throughout 1924.
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May Horch left the Audiwerke in 1920 for any high position at the actual ministry of transport, but he was still associated with Audi as a person in the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the very first German car manufacturer to present a production car, the Audi Type Nited kingdom, with left-handed drive. Left-hand drive spread and established dominance throughout the 1920s because it provided a better view of oncoming targeted visitors, making overtaking safer.The merger of the four companies underneath the logo of four wedding ringsIn August 1928, Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority connected with shares in Audiwerke AG. In the same year, Rasmussen bought the remains from the U. S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing tools for eight-cylinder engines. These engines were utilized in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models that have been launched in 1929. At the same moment, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (the "four" with a Peugeot engine) models were manufactured. Audi cars of in which era were luxurious cars designed with special bodywork.In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Unification AG, Chemnitz. It was during this period that the company presented the Audi Front that became the 1st European car to merge a six-cylinder engine together with front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain shared with the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced the front.Before World War II, Auto Union used the four interlinked rings that comprise the Audi badge nowadays, representing these four manufacturers. This badge was applied, however, only on Auto Union racing cars in that period while the member companies used their particular names and emblems. The technological development became increasingly more concentrated and some Audi types were propelled by Horch or perhaps Wanderer built engines.
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Highlighting the economic pressures of the time, Auto Union concentrated progressively on smaller cars from the 1930s, so that by 1938 you’re able to send DKW brand accounted intended for 17. 9% of the German car market, while Audi held just 0. 1%. After the final handful of Audis were delivered in 1939 the "Audi" name disappeared completely on the new car market for in excess of two decades.Post-World War IIIFA F9Like most German production, at the onset involving World War II your Auto Union plants have been retooled for military manufacturing, and were a goal for allied bombing over the war which left these individuals damaged.Overrun by the Soviet Armed service in 1945, on the orders with the Soviet Union military supervision the factories were dismantled within war reparations. Following this, the company's entire assets were expropriated without compensation. On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG connected with Chemnitz was deleted on the commercial register. These actions had the consequence of liquidating Germany's Car Union AG. The remains of this Audi plant of Zwickau grew to be the VEB Automobilwerk Zwickau or even AWZ (in English: Automobile Works Zwickau).
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And no prospect of continuing development in Soviet controlled Distance Germany, Auto Union executives began accomplishing this of relocating what was left of this company to West Philippines. A site was selected in Ingolstadt, Bavaria to start a spare parts operation in the later part of 1945, which would eventually serve when the headquarters of the reformed Auto Union in 1949.The former Audi manufacturing unit in Zwickau restarted assembly of the pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models were renamed to IFA F8 not to mention IFA F9 and were exactly like the West German versions. West and East German models were designed with the traditional and renowned DKW two-stroke engines. The Zwickau plant created the infamous Trabant until 1991, when it came below Volkswagen control-effectively bringing it in the same umbrella as Audi due to the fact 1945.
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Benetton System Ltd., commonly referred to basically as Benetton, was a Formula One constructor that participated through 1986 to 2001. The team was owned because of the Benetton family who run an internationally chain of clothing stores in the same name. In 2000 the staff was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton with the 2000 and 2001 seasons. In 2002 the team became Renault F1.The Benetton Group entered Formula One as a sponsor company for Tyrrell within 1983, then Alfa Romeo with 1984 and 1985 lastly Toleman in 1985. Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the end of 1985 when the actual Toleman team was sold on the Benetton family. The team began with BMW engines and later switched to Ford then Renault lastly Playlife.
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The actual team was managed simply by Flavio Briatore from 1990 until eventually 1997. In about 1991, TWR acquired a one-third stake in the team, bringing in Tom Walkinshaw and Ross Brawn to perform the engineering operations. Rocco Benetton, the youngest son of Luciano Benetton joined the team as Chief executive in 1998 and let go Briatore. He replaced him along with Prodrive boss David Richards, who lasted only for any year when he as well was fired, due to a disagreement while using Benetton family about long term strategy. Following Richards' departure, Rocco Benetton managed the team for several years until its sale to help Renault.The Benetton team 's best known for its achievements with Michael Schumacher, who accounts for 19 of the team's 27 career victories and their 2 drivers' titles. After switching to Renault applications, they also won the actual constructor's championship in 1995 along with Schumacher and Johnny Herbert. After 1995, Schumacher moved to Ferrari together with Ross Brawn, Rory Byrne and 11 other key figures from the two championship winning conditions with Benetton.
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About March 16, 2000, the team was sold to Renault for $120 mil US. As part of his or her restructuring, Renault brought back Flavio Briatore seeing that team manager. The team still utilised the Playlife engines (even though descended from Renault motors) they been using for the last two years. The drivers were Giancarlo Fisichella as well as Alexander Wurz. The team scored 20 items, as well as 3 podium is done in 2000 at Brazilian, Monaco and Canada.During their final time in 2001 the motorists, Jenson Button and Giancarlo Fisichella, were often on the back two rows of the grid. This was in part related to the new 111-degree extensive angle engine. But continued development granted Benetton to leave Solution 1 on something of an high, and the cars' overall performance lifted. Button and Fisichella scored 10 points for the team, including a podium complete for Fisichella in Belgium.
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Over the 1994 season, some rival teams said Benetton had found a means to violate the FIA-imposed bar on electronic aids, including traction control and also launch control. On investigation, the FIA discovered "start sequence" (launch control) software inside the Benetton B194 cars, and a variety involving illegal software in rival teams' cars too. FIA had no evidence the application was ever used, so teams found while using the software received little to help no punishment. No traction control software was found to stay the Benetton cars, however. Flavio Briatore, Benetton's chief in 1994, said in 2001 in which "Our only mistake was that during the time we were too young and the wonderful were suspicious".
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Over the 1994 season Benetton removed a fuel filter from your refueling rig used while in pit stops. This may have ended in a fire that was held during Jos Verstappen's initial pitstop at Hockenheim. This resulted in further inquiries through the FIA, during which, the refuelling rig manufacturer explained that in their opinion the modification would have resulted in 10% higher flow rates than the rules allowed[citation needed]. Again the team gone without substantial punishment.
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Aston Martin Lagonda Limited is really a British manufacturer of high-class sports cars and great tourers. It was founded within 1913 by Lionel Martin and Robert Bamford.The firm became related to luxury grand touring cars in the 1950s and 1960s, and with the fantastic character James Bond following his by using a DB5 model in the 1964 film Goldfinger.The company has had a chequered financial history, including bankruptcy in the 1970s, but has also enjoyed long periods of success and balance, including under the possession of David Brown, from 1947 to 1972 and from the Ford Motor Company from 1994 to 2007.In March 2007, a consortium of buyers, led by David Richards, purchased 92% of Aston Martin with regard to £479 million, with Ford retaining a £40 million stake. David Richards became chairman associated with Aston Martin. In December 2012, the Italian private collateral fund Investindustrialsigned a deal to acquire 37. 5% of Aston Martin, investing £150 million as being a capital increase.
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FoundingAston Martin was launched in 1913 by Lionel Martin in addition to Robert Bamford. The two had joined up with forces as Bamford & Martin the previous year to sell cars created by Singer from premises inside Callow Street, London where they likewise serviced GWK and Calthorpe vehicles. Martin raced specials on Aston Hill near Aston Clinton, and the pair decided to make their own automobiles. The first car to get named Aston Martin is made by Martin by appropriate a four-cylinder Coventry-Simplex engine towards chassis of a 1908 Isotta-Fraschini.They acquired premises in Henniker Mews in Kensington and also produced their first auto in March 1915. Production could not start due to outbreak of World Struggle I, and Martin joined the Admiralty and Bamford the particular Royal Army Service Corps. All machinery was sold towards Sopwith Aviation Company.Inter war yearsAfter the war, the company was refounded at Abingdon Road, Kensington and a new car made to carry the Aston-Martin identify. Bamford left in 1920 along with the company was revitalised having funding from Count Louis Zborowski. In 1922, Bamford & Martin generated cars to compete inside the French Grand Prix, which went on to create world speed and strength records at Brooklands. Three works Team Cars with 16-valve twin camera engines were built with regard to racing and record breaking: chassis number 1914, later developed as the particular Green Pea; chassis number 1915, the Razor Blade history car; and chassis number 1916, later developed as the Halford Special.
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Roughly 55 cars were built for sale in two configurations, long chassis and short chassis. The company went bankrupt in 1924 and had been bought by Lady Charnwood, who put her son John Benson within the board. The company failed again in 1925 as well as the factory closed in 1926, with Lionel Martin departing.Later that year, Bill Renwick, Augustus (Bert) Bertelli and investors which included Lady Charnwood took control from the company. They renamed it Aston Martin Motors and moved it to the former Whitehead Aircraft Restricted works in Feltham. Renwick and Bertelli were being in partnership some many years and had developed a good overhead-cam four-cylinder engine making use of Renwick's patented combustion step design, which they had tested within the Enfield-Allday chassis. The only "Renwick in addition to Bertelli" motor car manufactured, it was known as "Buzzbox" nonetheless survives.The pair had planned to sell their engine to motor manufacturers, but having heard which the Aston Martin was not in production realised they can capitalise on its reputation to jump start the production of a completely new car.Between 1926 and 1937 Bertelli had been both technical director and designer of new Aston Martins, since known as "Bertelli cars". They included the 1½-litre "T-type", "International", "Le Mans", "MKII" and its auto racing derivative, the "Ulster", and the 2-litre 15/98 and it is racing derivative, the "Speed Model". Most were open two-seater sports cars bodied by Bert Bertelli's sibling Enrico (Harry), with a small number of long-chassis four-seater tourers, dropheads and saloons furthermore produced.Bertelli was a qualified driver keen to competition his cars, one of few owner/manufacturer/drivers. The "LM" team cars and trucks were very successful inside national and international electric motor racing including at Le Mans and also the Mille Miglia.
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Monetary problems reappeared in 1932. The company was rescued for just a year by L. Prideaux Brune before passing it on to Sir Arthur Sutherland. In 1936, Aston Martin decided to give full attention to road cars, producing just 700 right up until World War II quit work. Production shifted to aircraft components over the war.David Brown era1958 Aston Martin DB Level IIIIn 1947, tractor manufacturer David Brown Limited bought the corporation under the leadership associated with managing director Sir Mark Brown-its "post-war saviour". The company also received Lagonda that year due to the 2. 6-litre W. O. Bentley-designed engine. Both companies shared means and workshops, leading to the classic "DB" compilation of cars. In 1950, the company announced the actual DB2, followed by the DB2/4 within 1953, the DB2/4 MkII in 1955, the DB Mark III in 1957 as well as the Italian-styled 3. 7 L DB4 within 1958.While these models helped Aston Martin generate a good racing pedigree, the DB4 stood out and yielded the renowned DB5 in 1963. The company stayed legitimate to its emerging "grand touring" style with the DB6 (1965-70), and DBS (1967-1972).The six-cylinder engines these cars from 1954 approximately 1965 were designed simply by Tadek Marek.
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